(anonymously) his first work, The Campaign of Fredericksburg. In the same year he became Instructor in Tactics, Military Law and Administration at Sandhurst. From this post he proceeded as Professor of Military Art and History to the Staff College (1892–1899), and there exercised a profound influence on the younger generation of officers. His study on Spicheren had been begun some years before, and in 1898 appeared, as the result of eight years’ work, his masterpiece, Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War. In the South African War Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson served with distinction on the staff of Lord Roberts as Director of Intelligence. But overwork and malaria broke his health, and he had to return home, being eventually selected to write the official history of the war. But failing health obliged him to go to Egypt, where he died at Assuan on the 5th of March 1903. He had completed the portion of the history of the South African War dealing with the events up to the commencement of hostilities, amounting to about a volume, but the War Office decided to suppress this, and the work was begun de novo and carried out by Sir F. Maurice.
Various lectures and papers by Henderson were collected and published in 1905 by Captain Malcolm, D.S.O., under the title The Science of War; to this collection a memoir was contributed by Lord Roberts. See also Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, vol. xlvii. No. 302.
HENDERSON, JOHN (1747–1785), English actor, of Scottish
descent, was born in London. He made his first appearance
on the stage at Bath on the 6th of October 1772 as Hamlet.
His success in this and other Shakespearian parts led to his
being called the “Bath Roscius.” He had great difficulty in
getting a London engagement, but finally appeared at the
Haymarket in 1777 as Shylock, and his success was a source of
considerable profit to Colman, the manager. Sheridan then
engaged him to play at Drury Lane, where he remained for two
years. When the companies joined forces he went to Covent
Garden, appearing as Richard III. in 1778, and creating original
parts in many of the plays of Cumberland, Shirley, Jephson
and others. His last appearance was in 1785 as Horatius in
The Roman Father, and he died on the 25th of November of
that year and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Garrick was
very jealous of Henderson, and the latter’s power of mimicry
separated him also from Colman, but he was always gratefully
remembered by Mrs. Siddons and others of his profession whom
he had encouraged. He was a close friend of Gainsborough,
who painted his portrait, as did also Stewart and Romney.
He was co-author of Sheridan and Henderson’s Practical Method
of Reading and Writing English Poetry.
HENDERSON, a city and the county-seat of Henderson county,
Kentucky, U.S.A., on the S. bank of the Ohio river, about
142 m. W.S.W. of Louisville. Pop. (1890), 8835; (1900), 10,272,
of whom 4029 were negroes; (1910 census) 11,452. It is
served by the Illinois Central, the Louisville & Nashville, and
the Louisville, Henderson & St. Louis railways, and has direct
communication by steamboat with Louisville, Evansville, Cairo,
Memphis and New Orleans. Henderson is built on the high
bank of the river, above the flood level; the river is spanned
here by a fine steel bridge, designed by George W. G. Ferris
(1859–1896), the designer of the Ferris Wheel. The city has a
public park of 80 acres and a Carnegie library. It is situated
in the midst of a region whose soil is said to be the best in the
world for the raising of dark, heavy-fibred tobacco, and is well
adapted also for the growing of fruit, wheat and Indian corn.
Bituminous coal is obtained from the surrounding country.
Immense quantities of stemmed tobacco are shipped from here,
and the city is an important market for Indian corn. The
manufactures of the city include cotton and woollen goods,
hominy, meal, flour, tobacco and cigars, carriages, baskets,
chairs and other furniture, bricks, ice, whisky and beer; the
value of the city’s factory products in 1905 was $1,365,120.
The municipality owns and operates its water works, gas plant
and electric-lighting plant. Henderson, named in honour of
Richard Henderson (1734–1785), was settled as early as 1784,
was first known as Red Banks, was laid out as a town by Henderson’s
company in 1797, was incorporated as a town in 1810, and
was first chartered as a city in 1854. The city boundary lines
were extended in 1905 by the annexation of Audubon and
Edgewood. Henderson was for some time the home of John
James Audubon, the ornithologist.
HENDIADYS, the name adopted from the Gr. ἓν διὰ δυοῖν
(“one by means of two”) for a rhetorical figure, in which two
words connected by a copulative conjunction are used of a single
idea; usually the figure takes the form of two substantives
instead of a substantive and adjective, as in the classical example
pateris libamus et auro (Virgil, Georgics, ii. 192), “we pour
libations in cups and gold” for “cups of gold.”
HENDON, an urban district in the Harrow parliamentary
division of Middlesex, England, on the river Brent, 8 m. N.W.
of St Paul’s Cathedral, London, served by the Midland railway.
Pop. (1891), 15,843; (1901), 22,450. The nucleus of the township
lies on high ground to the east of the Edgware road, which crosses
the Welsh Harp reservoir of Regent’s Canal, a favourite fishing
and skating resort. The church of St Mary is mainly Perpendicular,
and contains a Norman font and monuments of the
18th century. To the north of the village, which has extended
greatly as a residential suburb of the metropolis, is Mill Hill,
with a Roman Catholic Missionary College, opened in 1871,
with branches at Rosendaal, Holland and Brixen, Austria, and
a preparatory school at Freshfield near Liverpool; and a large
grammar school founded by Nonconformists in 1807. The
manor belonged at an early date to the abbot of Westminster.
HENDRICKS, THOMAS ANDREWS (1819–1885), American
political leader, vice-president of the United States in 1885,
was born near Zanesville, Ohio, on the 7th of September 1819.
He graduated at Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana, in 1841,
and began in 1843 a successful career at the bar. Identifying
himself with the Democratic party, he served in the state House
of Representatives in 1848, and was a prominent member of the
convention for the revision of the state constitution in 1850–1851,
a representative in Congress (1851–1855), commissioner of the
United States General Land Office (1855–1859), a United States
senator (1863–1869), and governor of Indiana (1873–1877).
From 1868 until his death he was put forward for nomination
for the presidency at every national Democratic Convention save
in 1872. Both in 1876 and 1884, after his failure to receive the
nomination for the presidency, he was nominated by the Democratic
National Convention for vice-president, his nomination
in each of these conventions being made partly, it seems, with
the hope of gaining “greenback” votes—Hendricks had opposed
the immediate resumption of specie payments. In 1876, with
S. J. Tilden, he lost the disputed election by the decision
of the electoral commission, but he was elected with Grover
Cleveland in 1884. He died at Indianapolis on the 25th of
November 1885.
HENGELO, or Hengeloo, a town in the province of Overyssel,
Holland, and a junction station 5 m. by rail N.W. of Enschede.
Pop. (1900), 14,968. The castle belonging to the ancient territorial
lords of Hengelo has long since disappeared, and the only
interest the town now possesses is as the centre of the flourishing
industries of the Twente district. The manufacture of cotton
in all its branches is very actively carried on, and there are
dye-works and breweries, besides the engineering works of the
state railway company.
HENGEST and HORSA, the brother chieftains who led the first
Saxon bands which settled in England. They were apparently
called in by the British king Vortigern (q.v.) to defend him against
the Picts. The place of their landing is said to have been
Ebbsfleet in Kent. Its date is not certainly known, 450–455
being given by the English authorities, 428 by the Welsh (see
Kent). The settlers of Kent are described by Bede as Jutes
(q.v.), and there are traces in Kentish custom of differences
from the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Hengest and Horsa
were at first given the island of Thanet as a home, but soon
quarrelled with their British allies, and gradually possessed
themselves of what became the kingdom of Kent. In 455 the
Saxon Chronicle records a battle between Hengest and Horsa
and Vortigern at a place called Aegaels threp, in which Horsa
