Spring Bedding.—For this description of bedding, hardy plants only must be used; but even then the choice is tolerably extensive. For example, there are the Alyssums, of which A. saxatile and A. gemonense are in cultivation; Antennaria tomentosa; the double white Arabis albida; Aubrietias, of which the best sorts are A. Campbelliae and A. grandiflora; the double Bellis perennis or Daisy; the Wallflowers, including Cheiranthus Cheiri (the Common Wallflower), C. alpina and C. Marshallii; Hepaticas, the principal of which are the varieties of H. triloba, and the blue H. angulosa; Iberis or Candytuft; Lithospermum fruticosum; Myosotis or Forget-me-not, including M. alpestris, M. dissitiflora, M. azorica and M. sylvestris; Phloxes, like P. subulata, with its varieties setacea, Nelsoni, nivalis; the single-flowered varieties of the Primrose, Primula vulgaris; the Polyanthuses; Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum, called Golden Feather; Sempervivum calcareum; the pink-flowered Silene pendula; self-coloured varieties of the Pansy, V. tricolor, and of V. lutea and V. cornuta, as well as some recent hybrids. Besides these there are the various spring-flowering bulbs, such as the varieties of Hyacinthus, Tulipa, Narcissus, Fritillaria, Muscari or Grape Hyacinth, Crocus, Scilla, Chionodoxa and Galanthus or Snowdrop.
Summer Bedding.—There is great variety amongst the plants which are used for bedding-out in the garden during the summer months, but we can note only some of the most important of them. Amongst them are the Ageratums, the old tall-growing sorts of which have been superseded by dwarfer blue and white flowered varieties; Alternantheras, the principal of which are A. amoena, amoena spectabilis, magnifica, paronychioides major aurea and amabilis; Alyssum maritimum variegatum; some of the dwarf varieties of Antirrhinum majus; Arundo Donax variegata; Begonias; Calceolarias; Cannas; Centaurea ragusina; Clematises, of which the hybrids of the Jackmanni type are best; Dahlia variabilis, and the single-flowered forms of D. coccinea; Echeverias, of which E. secunda and E. metallica are much employed; Gazanias; Heliotropes; Iresines; Lantanas; Lobelias; Mesembryanthemum cordifolium variegatum; Pelargoniums, of which the various classes of zonal or bedding varieties are unapproachable for effect and general utility; Petunias; Phloxes; Polemonium coeruleum variegatum; Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum, the well-known Golden Feather, especially useful as an edging to define the outline of beds upon grass; Tropaeolums, especially some of the varieties of T. Lobbianum; and Verbenas, the offspring of Tweedieana, chamaedrifolia and others. Few bulbs come into the summer flower gardens, but amongst those which should always be well represented are the Gladiolus, the Lilium, the Tigridia and the Montbretia.
Subtropical Bedding.—Foliage and the less common flowering plants may be used either in masses of one kind, or in groups arranged for contrast, or as the centres of groups of less imposing or of dwarfer-flowering subjects; or they may be planted as single specimens in appropriate open spaces, in recesses, or as distant striking objects terminating a vista.
Carpet Bedding consists in covering the surface of a bed, or a series of beds forming a design, with close, low-growing plants, in which certain figures are brought out by means of plants of a different habit or having different coloured leaves. Sometimes, in addition to the carpet or ground colour, individual plants of larger size and handsome appearance are dotted symmetrically over the beds, an arrangement which is very telling. Some of the best plants for carpeting the surface of the beds are: Antennaria tomentosa and Leucophytum Browni, white; Sedum acre, dasyphyllum, corsicum and glaucum, grey; and Sedum Lydium, Mentha Pulegium gibraltarica, Sagina subulata and Herniaria glabra, green. The Alternantheras, Amaranthuses, Iresines and Coleus Verschaffelti furnish high and warm colours; while Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum yields greenish-yellow: Thymus citriodorus aureus, yellowish; Mesembryanthemum cordifolium variegatum, creamy yellow; Centaureas and others, white; Lobelia Erinus, blue; and the succulent Echeverias and Sempervivums, glaucous rosettes, which last add much to the general effect. In connexion with the various designs such fine plants as Agave americana, Dracaena indivisa are often used as centre-pieces.
Greenhouse Plants.—These are plants requiring the shelter of a glass house, provided with a moderate degree of heat, of which 45° Fahr. may be taken as the minimum in winter. The house should be opened for ventilation in all mild weather in winter, and daily throughout the rest of the year. The following is a select list of genera of miscellaneous decorative plants (orchids, palms and ferns excluded; climbers are denoted by *; bulbous and tuberous plants by †):
| Abutilon | Coleus | Lachenalia† |
| Acacia | Coprosma | Lantana |
| Agapanthus | Cordyline | Lapageria* |
| Agathaea | Correa | Lilium† |
| Agave | Cuphea | Lophospermum* |
| Alonsoa | Cyclamen† | Mandevillea* |
| Aloysia | Cyperus | Manettia* |
| Amaryllis† | Cytisus | Mutisia* |
| Ardisia | Darwinia (Genetyllis) | Myrsiphyllum* |
| Asparagus | Diosma | Maurandya* |
| Aspidistra | Dracaena | Nerine† |
| Asystasia (Mackaya) | Eccremocarpus* | Nerium |
| Azalea | Epacris | Pelargonium |
| Bauera | Epiphyllum | Petunia |
| Begonia† | Erica | Pimelia |
| Blandfordia | Eriostemon | Plumbago* |
| Bomarea* | Erythrina | Polianthes† |
| Boronia | Eucalyptus | Primula |
| Bougainvillea* | Eupatorium | Rhododendron |
| Bouvardia | Eurya | Richardia (Calla)† |
| Brugmansia | Ficus | Salvia |
| Calceolaria | Fuchsia | Sarracenia |
| Camellia | Grevillea | Solanum |
| Campanula | Haemanthus† | Sparmannia |
| Canna | Heliotropium | Statice |
| Celosia | Hibiscus | Strelitzia |
| Cestrum* | Hoya* | Streptocarpus |
| Chorizema* | Hydrangea | Swainsonia |
| Chrysanthemum | Impatiens | Tacsonia* |
| Cineraria | Jasminum* | Tecoma |
| Clianthus | Justicia | Tradescantia |
| Clivia | Kalosanthes | Vallota† |
| Cobaea* |
Stove Plants.—For the successful culture of stove plants two houses at least, wherein different temperatures can be maintained, should be devoted to their growth. The minimum temperature during winter should range at night from about 55° in the cooler to 65° in the warmer house, and from 65° to 75° by day, allowing a few degrees further rise by sun heat. In summer the temperature may range 10° higher by artificial heat, night and day, and will often by sun heat run up to 90° or even 95°, beyond which it should be kept down by ventilation and frequent syringing and damping down of the pathways. During the growing period the atmosphere must be kept moist by damping the walls and pathways, and by syringing the plants according to their needs; when growth is completed less moisture will be necessary. Watering, which, except during the resting period, should generally be copious, is best done in the forenoon; while syringing should be done early in the morning before the sun becomes too powerful, and late in the afternoon to admit of the foliage drying moderately before night. The following is a select list of genera of stove plants (climbers are denoted by *, bulbous and tuberous plants by †):
| Acalypha | Cyanophyllum (Miconia) | Musa |
| Achimenes† | Cycas | Nelumbium† |
| Aeschynanthus | Dieffenbachia | Nepenthes |
| Allamanda* | Dipladenia* | Nymphaea† |
| Alocasia† | Dracaena | Oxera* |
| Amaryllis† | Eranthemum | Pancratium† |
| Anthurium | Eucharis† | Pandanus |
| Aphelandra | Euphorbia | Passiflora* |
| Aralia | Ficus | Pavetta |
| Ardisia | Franciscea | Petraea* |
| Arisaema† | Gardenia | Pleroma* |
| Aristolochia* | Gesnera | Poinsettia |
| Ataccia | Gloriosa* | Rondeletia |
| Begonia | Gloxinia† | Sanchezia |
| Bertolonia | Heliconia† | Schubertia* |
| Bignonia* | Hoffmannia | Scutellaria |
| Bromeliads | Ipomaea* | Stephanotis |
| Cactus | Ixora | Tabernaemontana |
| Caladium† | Jacobinia | Terminalia |
| Calathea | Jasminum* | Thunbergia |
| Centropogon | Luculia | Torenia |
| Cissus* | Maranta | Thyrsacanthus |
| Clerodendron* | Medinilla | Tydaea |
| Crinum† | Meyenia | Vinca |
| Codiaeum (Croton) |
Orchids.—For the successful cultivation of a mixed collection of tropical orchids, it is necessary that two or three houses, in which different temperatures can be maintained, should be provided. The greater number of them are epiphytes or plants that grow on others without absorbing nourishment from them, and heat and moisture afford all or nearly all the nourishment they require. At one time it was thought the plants themselves were better for being associated with such objects as ferns and palms, but they are best grown by themselves.
The East Indian orchid house takes in those species which are found in the warm parts of the eastern hemisphere, as well as those from the hottest parts of the western, and its temperature should range from about 70° to 80° during the summer or growing season and from 65° to 70° during winter. The Mexican or Brazilian orchid house accommodates the plants from the warm parts of South America, and its temperature should range from about 65° to 75° during summer and from 60° to 65° in winter. A structure called the cool orchid house is set apart for the accommodation of the many lovely mountain species from South America and India, such as odontoglossums, masdevallias, &c., and in this the more uniform the temperature can be kept the better, that in summer varying between
