Harbor, Centreport and Northport, which are famous for the fine residences owned by New York business men; they are served by the Wading river branch of the Long Island Railroad. Northport—pop. (1910 census) 2096—incorporated in 1894, is the most easterly of these; it has a large law-publishing house, shipbuilding yards and valuable oyster-fisheries. Cold Spring Harbor, 32 m. E. of Brooklyn, is a small unincorporated village, once famous for its whale-fisheries, and now best known for the presence here of the New York State Fish Hatchery, and of the Biological Laboratory of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences and of the laboratory of the Department of Experimental Evolution of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The village of Huntington, 312 m. E. of Cold Spring, is unincorporated, but is the most important of the three and has the largest summer colony. There is a public park on the water-front. The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Building is occupied by the public library, which faces a monument to Nathan Hale on Main Street. A big boulder on the shore of the bay marks the place of Hale’s capture by the British on the 21st of September 1776. Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) occupied the village and built a British fort here near the close of the American War of Independence. Huntington’s inhabitants were mostly strong patriots, notably Ebenezer Prime (1700–1779), pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, which the British used as a barracks, and his son Benjamin Young Prime (1733–1791), a physician, linguist and patriot poet, who was the father of Samuel Irenaeus Prime (1812–1885), editor of the New York Observer. Walt Whitman was born near the village of Huntington, and established there in 1836, and for three years edited, the weekly newspaper the Long Islander. The first settlement in the township was made in 1653; in 1662–1664 Huntington was under the government of Connecticut. The township until 1872 included the present township of Babylon to the S., along the Great South Bay.
HUNTINGTON, a city and the county-seat of Cabell county,
West Virginia, U.S.A., about 50 m. W. of Charleston, W. Va.,
on the S. bank of the Ohio river, just below the mouth of the
Guyandotte river. Pop. (1900) 11,923, of whom 1212 were
negroes; (1910 census) 31,161. It is served by the Baltimore
& Ohio and the Chesapeake & Ohio railways, and by several
lines of river steamboats. The city is the seat of Marshall College
(founded in 1837; a State Normal School in 1867), which in
1907–1908 had 34 instructors and 1100 students; and of the
West Virginia State Asylum for the Incurable Insane; and it
has a Carnegie library and a city hospital. Huntington has
extensive railway car and repair shops, besides foundries and
machine shops, steel rolling mills, manufactories of stoves and
ranges, breweries and glass works. The value of the city’s
factory product in 1905 was $4,407,153, an increase of 21%
over that of 1900. Huntington dates from 1871, when it became
the western terminus of the Chesapeake & Ohio railway, was
named in honour of Collis P. Huntington (1821–1900), the
president of the road, and was incorporated.
HUNTINGTOWER AND RUTHVENFIELD, a village of
Perthshire, Scotland, on the Almond, 3 m. N.W. of Perth, and
within 1 m. of Almondbank station on the Caledonian railway.
Pop. (1901) 459. Bleaching, the chief industry, dates from
1774, when the bleaching-field was formed. By means of an old
aqueduct, said to have been built by the Romans, it was provided
with water from the Almond, the properties of which render
it specially suited for bleaching. Huntingtower (originally
Ruthven) Castle, a once formidable structure, was the scene of
the Raid of Ruthven (pron. Rivven), when the Protestant lords,
headed by William, 4th Lord Ruthven and 1st earl of Gowrie
(1541–1584), kidnapped the boy-king James VI., on the 22nd of
August 1582. The earl’s sons were slain in the attempt (known
as the Gowrie conspiracy) to capture James VI. (1600), consequent
on which the Scots parliament ordered the name of
Ruthven to be abolished, and the barony to be known in future
as Huntingtower.
HUNTLY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF. This Scottish
title, in the Gordon family, dates as to the earldom from 1449,
and as to the marquessate (the premier marquessate in Scotland)
from 1599. The first earl (d. 1470) was Alexander de Seton,
lord of Gordon—a title known before 1408; and his son George
(d. 1502), by his marriage with Princess Annabella (afterwards
divorced), daughter of James I. of Scotland, had several children,
including, besides his successor the 3rd earl (Alexander), a second
son Adam (who became earl of Sutherland), a third son William
(from whom the mother of the poet Byron was descended)
and a daughter Katherine, who first married Perkin Warbeck
and afterwards Sir Matthew Cradock (from whom the earls of
Pembroke descended). Alexander, the 3rd earl (d. 1524), consolidated
the position of his house as supreme in the north; he
led the Scottish vanguard at Flodden, and was a supporter of
Albany against Angus. His grandson George, 4th earl (1514–1562),
who in 1548 was granted the earldom of Moray, played
a leading part in the troubles of his time in Scotland, and in 1562
revolted against Queen Mary and was killed in fight at Corrichie,
near Aberdeen. His son George (d. 1576) was restored to the
forfeited earldom in 1565; he became Bothwell’s close
associate—he helped Bothwell, who had married his sister, to obtain a
divorce from her; and he was a powerful supporter of Mary till
he seceded from her cause in 1572.
George Gordon, 1st marquess of Huntly (1562–1626), son of the 5th earl of Huntly, and of Anne, daughter of James Hamilton, earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault, was born in 1562, and educated in France as a Roman Catholic. He took part in the plot which led to the execution of Morton in 1581 and in the conspiracy which delivered King James VI. from the Ruthven raiders in 1583. In 1588 he signed the Presbyterian confession of faith, but continued to engage in plots for the Spanish invasion of Scotland. On the 28th of November he was appointed captain of the guard, and while carrying out his duties at Holyrood his treasonable correspondence was discovered. James, however, who found the Roman Catholic lords useful as a foil to the tyranny of the Kirk, and was at this time seeking Spanish aid in case of Elizabeth’s denial of his right to the English throne, and with whom Huntly was always a favourite, pardoned him. Subsequently in April 1589 he raised a rebellion in the north, but was obliged to submit, and after a short imprisonment in Borthwick Castle was again set at liberty. He next involved himself in a private war with the Grants and the Mackintoshes, who were assisted by the earls of Atholl and Murray; and on the 8th of February 1592 he set fire to Murray’s castle of Donibristle in Fife, and stabbed the earl to death with his own hand. This outrage, which originated the ballad “The Bonnie Earl of Moray,” brought down upon Huntly his enemies, who ravaged his lands. In December the “Spanish Blanks” were intercepted (see Erroll, Francis Hay, 9th Earl of), two of which bore Huntly’s signature, and a charge of treason was again preferred against him, while on the 25th of September 1593 he was excommunicated. James treated him and the other rebel lords with great leniency. On the 26th of November they were freed from the charge of treason, being ordered at the same time, however, to renounce Romanism or leave the kingdom. On their refusal to comply they were attainted. Subsequently Huntly joined Erroll and Bothwell in a conspiracy to imprison the king, and the former two defeated the royal forces under Argyll at Glenlivat on the 3rd of October 1594, Huntly especially distinguishing himself. His victory, however, gained no real advantage; his castle of Strathbogie was blown up by James, and he left Scotland about March 1595. He returned secretly very soon afterwards, and his presence in Scotland was at first connived at by James; but owing to the hostile feeling aroused, and the “No Popery” riot in Edinburgh, the king demanded that he should abjure Romanism or go into permanent banishment. He submitted to the Kirk in June 1597, and was restored to his estates in December. On the 7th of April 1599 he was created a marquess, and on the 9th of July, together with Lennox, appointed lieutenant of the north. He was treated with great favour by the king and was reconciled with Murray and Argyll. Doubts, however, as to the genuineness of his abjuration again troubled the Kirk. On the 10th of December 1606 he was confined
