play of A Looking Glasse for London and England (printed in 1594). He had already written The Wounds of Civile War. Lively set forth in the Tragedies of Marius and Scilla (produced perhaps as early as 1587, and published in 1594), a good second-rate piece in the half-chronicle fashion of its age. Mr F. G. Fleay thinks there were grounds for assigning to Lodge Mucedorus and Amadine, played by the Queen’s Men about 1588, a share with Robert Greene in George a Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield, and in Shakespeare’s 2nd part of Henry VI.; he also regards him as at least part-author of The True Chronicle of King Leir and his three Daughters (1594); and The Troublesome Raigne of John, King of England (c. 1588); in the case of two other plays he allowed the assignation to Lodge to be purely conjectural. That Lodge is the “Young Juvenal” of Greene’s Groatsworth of Wit is no longer a generally accepted hypothesis. In the latter part of his life—possibly about 1596, when he published his Wits Miserie and the World’s Madnesse, which is dated from Low Leyton in Essex, and the religious tract Prosopopeia (if, as seems probable, it was his), in which he repents him of his “lewd lines” of other days—he became a Catholic and engaged in the practice of medicine, for which Wood says he qualified himself by a degree at Avignon in 1600. Two years afterwards he received the degree of M.D. from Oxford University. His works henceforth have a sober cast, comprising translations of Josephus (1602), of Seneca (1614), a Learned Summary of Du Bartas’s Divine Sepmaine (1625 and 1637), besides a Treatise of the Plague (1603), and a popular manual, which remained unpublished, on Domestic Medicine. Early in 1606 he seems to have left England, to escape the persecution then directed against the Catholics; and a letter from him dated 1610 thanks the English ambassador in Paris for enabling him to return in safety. He was abroad on urgent private affairs of one kind and another in 1616. From this time to his death in 1625 nothing further concerning him remains to be noted.
Lodge’s works, with the exception of his translations, have been reprinted for the Hunterian Club with an introductory essay by Mr Edmund Gosse. This preface was reprinted in Mr Gosse’s Seventeenth Century Studies (1883). Of Rosalynde there are numerous modern editions. See also J. J. Jusserand, English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare (Eng. trans., 1890); F. G. Fleay, Biographical Chronicle of the English Drama (vol. ii., 1891). (A. W. W.)
LODGE, a dwelling-place, small and usually temporary, a hut,
booth or tent. The word was in M. Eng. logge, from Fr. loge,
arbour, in modern French a hut; also box in a theatre; the
French word, like the Italian loggia, came from the Med. Lat.
laubia or lobia, the sheltered promenade in a cloister, from which
English “lobby” is derived. The Latin is of Teutonic origin
from the word which survives in the Mod. Ger. Laube, an arbour,
but which earlier was used for any hut, booth, &c. The word is
probably ultimately from the root which appears in “leaf,”
meaning a rough shelter of foliage or boughs. The word is
especially used of a house built either in a forest or away from
habitation, where people stay for the purpose of sport, as a
“hunting lodge,” “shooting lodge,” &c. The most frequent
use of the word is of a small building, usually placed at the
entrance to an estate or park and inhabited by a dependant
of the owner. In the same sense the word means the room or
box inhabited by the porter of a college, factory or public institution.
Among Freemasons and other societies the “lodge” is
the name given to the meeting-place of the members of the branch
or district, and is applied to the members collectively as “a
meeting of the lodge.” The governing body of the Freemasons
presided over by the grand master is called the “Grand Lodge.”
At the university of Cambridge the house where the head of a
college lives is called the “lodge.” Formerly the word was used
of the den or lair of an animal, but is now only applied to that
of the beaver and the otter. It is also applied to the tent of a
North American Indian, a wigwam or tepee, and to the number of
inhabitants of such a tent. In mining the term is used of a
subterraneous reservoir made at the bottom of the pit, or at
different levels in the shaft for the purpose of draining the mine.
It is used also of a room or landing-place next to the shaft, for
discharging ore, &c.
LODGER AND LODGINGS. The term “lodger” (Fr. loger,
to lodge) is used in English law in several slightly different
senses. It is applied (i.) most frequently and properly to a person
who takes furnished rooms in a house, the landlord also residing
on the premises, and supplying him with attendance; (ii.)
sometimes to a person, who takes unfurnished rooms in a house
finding his own attendance; (iii.) to a boarder in a boarding-house
(q.v.). It is with (i.) and (ii.) alone that this article is concerned.
Where furnished apartments are let for immediate use, the law implies an undertaking on the part of the landlord that they are fit for habitation, and, if this condition is broken, the tenant may refuse to occupy the premises or to pay any rent. But there is no implied contract that the apartments shall continue fit for habitation; and the rule has no application in the case of unfurnished lodgings. In the absence of express agreement to the contrary, a lodger has a right to the use of everything necessary to the enjoyment of the premises, such as the door bell and knocker and the skylight of a staircase, whether the rent of apartments can be distrained for by the immediate landlord where he resides on the premises and supplies attendance is a question the answer to which is involved in some uncertainty. The weight of authority seems to support the negative view (see Foa, Landlord and Tenant, 3rd ed. p. 434). To make good a right to distrain it is necessary to show that the terms of the letting create a tenancy or exclusive occupation and not a mere licence, where the owner, although residing on the premises, does not supply attendance, the question depends on whether there is a real tenancy, giving the lodger an exclusive right of occupation as against the owner. The ordinary test is whether the lodger has the control of the outer door. But the whole circumstances of each case have to be taken account of. A lodger is rateable to the poor-rate where he is in exclusive occupation of the apartments let to him, and the landlord does not retain the control and dominion of the whole structure. As to distress on a lodger’s goods for rent due by an immediate to a superior landlord, see Rent. As to the termination of short tenancies, as of apartments, see Landlord and Tenant. The landlord has no lien on the goods of the lodger for rent or charges. Overcrowding lodging-houses may be dealt with as a nuisance under the Public Health Acts 1875 and 1891 and the Housing of the Working Classes Acts. As to the lodger franchise, see Registration of Voters. It has been held in England that keepers of lodging-houses do not come within the category of those persons (see Carrier; Innkeeper) who hold themselves out to the public generally as trustworthy in certain employments; but that they are under an obligation to take reasonable care for the safety of their lodgers’ goods; see Scarborough v. Cosgrove, 1905, 2 K.B. 805. As to Scots Law see Bell’s Prin. s. 236 (4).
In the United States, the English doctrine of an implied warranty of fitness for habitation on a letting of furnished apartments has only met with partial acceptance; it was repudiated, e.g. in the District of Columbia, but has been accepted in Massachusetts. In the French Code Civil, there are some special rules with regard to furnished apartments. The letting is reputed to be made for a year, a month or a day, according as the rent is so much per year, per month or per day; if that test is inapplicable, the letting is deemed to be made according to the custom of the place (art. 1758). There are similar provisions in the Civil Codes of Belgium (art. 1758), Holland (art. 1622) and Spain (Civil Code, art. 1581).
See also the articles, Boarding House, and Flat; and the bibliographies to Flat and Landlord and Tenant. (A. W. R.)
LODI, a town and episcopal see of Piedmont, Italy, in the
province of Milan, 2012 m. by rail S.E. of that city, on a hill
above the right bank of the Adda, 230 ft. above sea-level. Pop.
(1901) 19,970 (town), 26,827 (commune). The site of the city is
an eminence rising very gradually from the Lombard plain, and
the surrounding country is one of the richest dairy districts in
Italy. The cathedral (1158), with a Gothic façade and a 16th-century
lateral tower, has a restored interior. The church of the
Incoronata was erected by Battaggio (1488) in the Bramantesque
style. It is an elegant octagonal domed structure, and is
