a bookseller’s shop at Philadelphia, and published Déscription topographique et politique de la partie espagnole et de la partie française de l’Île de Saint-Domingue (1796–1798). Returning to France in 1799, he became historiographer to the navy and councillor of state, and drafted in part the colonial and maritime code. In 1802 he was appointed by the First Consul administrator of the duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, but was dismissed in 1806 for slackness in repressing insubordination. From that date until his death he lived on a pension paid him by the Empress Josephine, who was a kinswoman of his.
See Fournier-Tescay, Discours prononcé aux obsèques de Moreau le 30 Janvier 1819; Silvestre, Notice sur Moreau (Paris, 1819).
MORECAMBE, a municipal borough, watering-place and
seaport in the Lancaster parliamentary division of Lancashire,
England, on Morecambe Bay, 236 m. N.W. by N. from London
by the London & North-Western railway; served also by the
Midland railway. Pop. (1901), 11,798. A fine promenade
extends along the shore; there are a quay and a pier, a winter
garden, and all the appointments of a seaside resort. The
Midland railway is the harbour authority. The town was
incorporated in 1902, and the corporation consists of a mayor,
6 aldermen and 16 councillors. The former alternative name
was Poulton-le-Sands. Area, 1801 acres.
MOREL, the surname of several French classical scholars and
printers in the 16th and 17th centuries, known for their editions
of classical authors and the Fathers. (1) Guillaume Morel
(1505–1564) was born at Tilleul in Normandy. After acting
as proof-reader in a Paris firm, he set up for himself, and
subsequently succeeded Turnebus as king’s printer in 1555.
His most important work was Thesaurus vocum omnium latinarum,
containing a number of quotations from Greek authors,
taken from hitherto unpublished MSS. in the Paris library; (2) Fédéric (as he always called himself, not Frédéric) Morel, surnamed the Elder (1523–1583), was born in Champagne. He was of noble family, and was not connected with Guillaume Morel. About 1550 he married the daughter of the famous
printer, Michel de Vascosan, in 1557 set up in business in the rue Saint jean de Beauvais, and in 1571 was appointed printer to the king. His chief publications were the Declamationes of Quintilian and L’Architecture de Philibert Delorme. (3) Fédéric Morel, son of the preceding, surnamed the Younger (1558–1630), was one of the greatest Greek scholars of his time.
In addition to the management of his father’s business, to which
he succeeded, he held the professorship of eloquence at the
College de France. The number of his translations and commentaries
on the Fathers and classical authors (Aristotle, Dio
Chrysostom, Strabo) was very large; special mention may be
made of his revised edition of Amyot’s translation of Plutarch
and his Latin translations of some of the dissertations of Maximus
of Tyre, of Libanius, Hierocles and Theodoret. His commentary
on the Psalms is still considered valuable. (4) Claude
Morel (1574–1626), brother of the preceding, also published
editions of many of the Fathers and other authors, with learned
prefaces and notes. (5) Charles Morel (1602–1640) was
printer and secretary to the king. He followed the example of the other members of his family, and issued the Works of Clement of Alexandria, Gregory of Nazianzus, Cyril, Synesius and Chrysostom, and the Concilia generalia et provincialia of the German theologian Severin Bini. (6) Gilles Morel, brother of the preceding (the dates of his birth and death. are unknown), was the last representative of this learned family. The number of his publications was small, but some of them were of great importance, the chief being the Grande bibliothèque des pères, in 17 folio vols. (1643).
See M. Maittaire, Historia typographorum aliquot parisiensium (1717), for all the above; Fédéric Morel the elder is the subject of a monograph by J. Dumoulin (Paris, 1901).
MORELIA (formerly Valladolid), a city of Mexico and capital
of the state of Michoacán, 125 m. direct and 234 m. by rail
W. by N. of the city of Mexico, near the southern margin of
the great Mexican plateau, 6398 ft. above sea-level, in lat.
19° 42′ N. long., 100° 54′ W. Pop. (1900), 37,278, partly Indians
and mestizos. Morelia is served by a branch of the Mexican
National railway; its station is outside the city, with which
it is connected by a small tramway line. The city is built on
a rocky hill rising from the Guayángareo valley, which gives
to it a strikingly picturesque appearance. It has the usual
rectangular plan, with several pretty squares and straight, clean,
well-paved streets. Facing the plaza mayor, now called the
Plaza de los Martíres because of the execution there of the patriot
Matamoros in 1814, is the cathedral, one of the finest specimens
of the old Spanish renaissance church architecture in Mexico.
Among its interior adornments is an onyx font, some fine wood carving in the choir, and the silver doors to the shrines of its chapels. Opposite the cathedral is the government palace, which also contains the public library. The municipal government is housed in an ancient tobacco factory converted to public uses, and a fine old Capuchin convent now serves as a public hospital. The Paseo, or public park, is distinguished for its fine trees and flowers. The Morelianos are noted for their love of music, and musical competitions are held each year, the best band being sent to the city of Mexico to compete with similar organizations from other states. The public water-supply is brought into the city over a fine old aqueduct (3 m. in length, carried on arches), which was built in 1785 by the bishop of the diocese as a famine relief work. In common with the state of Michoacan, Morelia is a stronghold of clericalism and conservatism. A large number of private schools are maintained through Church influence in opposition to the public schools. Conspicuous among these is a large girls’ school. Another institution is the college of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, which was founded at Patzcuaro in 1540 by Bishop Quiroga (who had been sent into Michoacán to redress the wrongs committed by Nuño de Guzman), was removed to Valladolid (Morelia) a few years later to be combined with a local college, and was rebuilt in 1882. It is the oldest existing collegiate institution in Mexico; in it Hidalgo once taught and Morelos was a student. The city’s manufactures include cotton, woollen and silk textiles, cigars and cigarettes, and dulces, or sweetmeats, Morelia being noted throughout Mexico for the latter, particularly for a variety called Guayabate.
Morelia, first known as Valladolid, was founded in 1541 by Viceroy Mendoza. In 1582 Valladolid replaced Patzcuaro as the capital of Michoacan. It was the birthplace of both Morelos and Iturbide, and was captured by Hidalgo at the beginning of the revolutionary outbreak of 1810–11, and by Iturbide in 1821 when on his march to Mexico City, where he was crowned emperor. Its name was changed to Morelia in 1828, in honour of the revolutionary leader José Maria Morelos y Pavón, and in 1863 it was made the see of an archbishop.
MORELL, JOHN DANIEL (1816–1891), British educationalist, was born on the 18th of June at Little Baddow, Essex, where his father was minister of the Congregational church (1799–1852). He proceeded to Homerton College in 1833, where he studied theology under Dr Pye Smith. He then entered Glasgow University, where he took his M.A. degree in 1841. Subsequently he studied philosophy and theology under Fichte at Bonn, and returned to England to undertake the pastorate of the Congregational church at Gosport. After three years work, he decided to give up the ministry in favour of philosophical work. As early as 1846 he made his name by his Historical and Critical View of the Speculative Philosophy of Europe in the Nineteenth Century, which brought him to the notice of Lord Lansdowne, who made him an inspector of schools. From 1848 till 1876 he was active in this capacity. As a result of his experience he published numerous educational works, e.g. The Analysis of Sentences (1852), The Essentials of English Grammar and Analysis (1855), Handbook of Logic (1855), Grammar of the English Language (1857). He also published four lectures on The Philosophical Tendencies of the Age (1848), The Philosophy of Religion (1849), Fichte’s Contributions to Moral Philosophy (1860), Philosophical Fragments (1878), An Introduction to Mental Philosophy on the Inductive Method (1884). He died on the 1st of April 1891.
