streams, the river Bann alone carries off its waters, flowing northward. The principal feeders are the Main on the north, the Crumlin (whose waters have petrifying powers) on the east, the Bann and Blackwater on the south, and the Ballinderry and Moyola on the west. Antrim and Toome, at the N.E. and N.W. respectively, are the only towns immediately on the shores. The islands are few and near the shores; namely, Skady Tower on the north, Ram’s Island (with a ruined round tower) on the east, Ready and Coney Islands on the southwest. The lough abounds in fish, including gillaroo trout, char and pullen or fresh-water herring. A tradition that the lough rose suddenly from a fountain, inundating a populous district, and that remains of buildings may be seen below the waters, finds place in Thomas Moore’s ballad Let Erin remember.
NEAL, DANIEL (1678–1743), English historian, born in
London on the 14th of December 1678, was educated at the
Merchant Taylors’ School, and at the universities of Utrecht
and Leiden. In 1704 he became assistant minister, and in 1706
sole minister, of an independent congregation worshipping in
Aldersgate Street, and afterwards in Jewin Street, London,
where he remained almost until his death on the 4th of April
1743. He married Elizabeth Lardner (d. 1748), by whom he had
one son, Nathanael, and two daughters. In 1720 Neal published
his History of New England, which obtained for its author the
honorary degree of M.A. from Harvard college. He
also undertook to assist Dr John Evans in writing a history of
Nonconformity. Evans, however, died in 1730, and, making
use of his papers for the period before 1640, Neal wrote the
whole of the work himself. This History of the Puritans deals
with the time between the Reformation and 1689; the first
volume appearing in 1732, and the fourth and last in 1738.
The first volume was attacked in 1733 for unfairness and inaccuracy
by Isaac Maddox, afterwards bishop of St Asaph and
of Worcester, to whom Neal replied in a pamphlet, A Review of
the principal facts objected to in the first volume of the History of
the Puritans; and the remaining volumes by Zachary Grey
(1688–1766), to whom the author made no reply.
The History of the Puritans was edited, in five volumes, by Dr Joshua Toulmin (1740–1815), who added a life of Neal in 1797. This was reprinted in 1822, and an edition in two volumes was published in New York in 1844.
NEAL, DAVID DALHOFF (1838–), American artist, was
born at Lowell, Massachusetts, on the 20th of October 1838.
He was a pupil of the Royal Academy, Munich, under Max.
E. Ainmiller, whose daughter he subsequently married. Later
he entered the studio of Piloty, with whom he remained from
1869 to 1876. His picture, “The First Meeting of Mary Stuart
and Rizzio,” won for him the great medal of the Royal Bavarian
Academy of Art. Besides portraits his canvases include “James
Watt,” a large historical composition shown at the Royal
Academy, 1874, “Chapel of the Kings at Westminster” (collection
of F. Cutting, Boston) and “Cromwell visiting Milton”
(Hurlbut collection, Cleveland, Ohio).
NEALE, EDWARD VANSITTART (1810–1892), English
co-operator and Christian Socialist, was born at Bath on the
2nd of April 1810, the son of a Buckinghamshire clergyman.
After receiving his earlier education at home he went to Oriel
College, Oxford. In 1837 he was called to the bar at Lincoln’s
Inn. He became a member of the Christian Socialists in 1850
and also joined the council of the Society for Promoting Working
Men’s Associations. His wealth enabled him to carry out
experiments in co-operation on a larger scale than had been
previously attempted. He founded the first co-operative store
in London, and advanced the capital for two builders’ associations,
both of which failed. In 1851, though strongly opposed by other
members of the promoting “Council,” he started on his own
initiative the Central Co-operative Agency, similar in many
respects to the Co-operative Wholesale Society of a later day.
The failure of this scheme, together with that of the operatives
cause in the engineering lock-out of 1852 is said to have cost him
£40,000. It is certain that until in later life he inherited the
estate of Bisham Abbey in Berkshire he was, comparatively
speaking, a poor man. He was closely associated with the
movement which resulted in the Industrial and Provident
Societies Act of 1876, and the passing of the Consolidation Act of
1862 was almost entirely due to his efforts. Besides publishing
pamphlets on co-operation he served on the executive committee
which afterwards developed into the Central Co-operative
Board, and took an active part in the formation of the North of
England Co-operative Wholesale Society in 1863. One of the
founders of the Cobden mills in 1866, and the Agricultural and
Horticultural Association in 1867, he also promoted the annual
co-operative congress, afterwards becoming general secretary
of the Central Board. He was also a director of the Co-operative
Insurance Company and a member of the Co-operative Newspaper
Society for many years. He visited America in 1875 with
a deputation whose object was to open up a direct trade between
the farmers of the western states and the English co-operative
stores. After resigning the post of secretary to the congress
board in 1891, he became a member of the Oxford University
branch of the Christian Social Union. He died on the 16th of
September 1892.
NEALE, JOHN MASON (1818–1866), English divine and
scholar, was born in London on the 24th of January 1818, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Here he was affected by the Oxford movement, and helped to found the Camden (afterwards the Ecclesiological) Society. Though he took orders in 1841, ill-health prevented his settling in England till 1846, when he became warden of Sackville College, an almshouse at East Grinstead, an appointment which he held till his death on the 6th of August 1866.
Neale was strongly high-church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a, fourteen years’ inhibition by his bishop. In 1855 he founded a nursing sisterhood named St Margaret’s. He occupies a high place as a hymnologist, but principally as a translator of ancient and medieval hymns, the best known being probably “Brief life is here our portion,” “To thee, O dear, dear country,” and “Jerusalem, the golden,” which are included in the poem of Bernard of Cluny, De Contemptu Mundi, translated by him in full. He also published An Introduction to the History of the Holy Eastern Church (1850, 2 vols.); History of the so-called Jansenist Church of Holland (1858); Essays on Liturgiology and Church History (1863); and many other works.
See Life by his daughter, Mrs Charles Towle (1907); the Memoir by his friend, R. F. Littledale; and the Letters of John Mason Neale (1910), selected and edited by his daughter. For a complete list of Neale’s works see article in Dict. of Nat. Biog. xl. 145.
NEAMTZU (Neamtu), a town in Rumania, situated among
the lower slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the left
bank of the river Neamtzu, an affluent of the Moldova. Pop.
(1900) 8578, about half being Jews. Neamtzu gives its name
to the Department of which Piatra is the capital. Lying 15 m.
S. by E. of Falticheni, the nearest railway station, it has little
trade. Near it is the ruined fortress of Neamtzu, constructed
early in the 13th century by the Teutonic knights of Andrew II.,
king of Hungary, in order to repel the incursions of the
Cumanians. An hour’s drive to the west of the town is the
monastery of Neamtzu, founded in the 14th century, and containing
two churches and many ancient and interesting relics.
Before the secularization of the monastic lands in 1864, it was one
of the richest and most important of the Rumanian monasteries.
Baltzatesti, 10 m. W. by S. of Neamtzu, is locally famous for its
mineral springs and baths.
NEANDER, JOACHIM (1650–1680), German hymn writer, was born at Bremen. The family name, originally Neumann, had, according to the prevailing fashion a century earlier, been Graecized as Neander. After studying at Heidelberg and Frankfort, where he formed friendships with Friedrich Spanheim (1632–1701) and Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705), he settled at Düsseldorf as rector of the Latin school in Connexion with the Reformed Church. In 1676 he incurred church censure for abstaining and inducing others to abstain from joining
in the celebration of the communion. It was during the term of
