of water which is wholly within Switzerland (since parts of those of Geneva and Constance belong to foreign countries), though it does not belong entirely to any one Canton—of its total area of 9212 sq. m., 3612 sq. m. are in the Canton of Neuchâtel and rather over 33 sq. m. in that of Vaud, while Fribourg claims 2034 sq. m. and Berne 2 sq. m. It is about 2312 m. in length, varies from 312 to 5 m. in width, and has a maximum depth of 502 ft., while its surface is 1427 ft. above sea-level. It is mainly formed by the Thièle or Zihl river, which enters it at its south-western end and issues from it at its north-eastern extremity, but it also receives, near its north-west end, the Areuse (flowing through the Val de Travers) and the Seyon (which traverses the Val de Ruz), as well as, near its north-east end, the Broye (that flows through a canal from the Lake of Morat). Successive drainages have brought to light the remains of many lake dwellings, of which there is a good collection in the natural history museum at Neuchâtel. The scenery of the lake, though pleasing, cannot compare with that of the other Swiss lakes, despite the fact that from it the giants of both the Mont Blanc and Bernese Oberland ranges are clearly seen. The first steamer was placed on the lake in 1827. On the south-eastern shore the picturesque and historical little town of Estavayer is the chief place. At the south-western extremity of the lake is Yverdon (the Eburodunum of the Romans and the residence of the educationalist Pestalozzi, 1806–1825). Far more populated is the north-western shore, where, from S.W. to N.E., we find Grandson (famous for the battle of 1476 wherein Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, was defeated by the Swiss), Cortaillod (producing excellent sparkling wine), Serrières (with the famous manufactories of Suchard chocolate) and Neuchâtel itself. On the north shore is La Tène, famous for the remarkable relics of the Iron Age that have been discovered there. (W. A. B. C.)
NEUENAHR, a spa of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine province, situated at the foot of a basalt peak, in the pleasant valley of the Ahr, 10 m. N.W. of Remagen on the Rhine by the railway to Adenau. Pop. (1905) 3388. It is well laid out, has an Evangelical and two Roman Catholic churches, and carries on a considerable trade in the red wines of the district. There are five alkaline springs with temperatures from 69° to 102° F., the waters of which are specific in chronic catarrh of the respiratory organs, gout, rheumatism and diabetes. In the immediate vicinity lies the Apollinaris spring.
See Schmitz, Erfahrungen über Bad Neuenahr (5th ed., Ahrweiler, 1887); and Schwenke, Die Kurmittel des Bades Neuenahr (Halle, 1900).
NEUENDORF, a village of Germany, in the province of Brandenburg, 2 m. E. from Potsdam, on the Nuthe, with a station on the railway from Berlin to Potsdam. Pop. (1905) 6877. The place has considerable industries, chief among which are carpet-weaving, jute-spinning and the manufacture of railway plant. Within its area lies the colony of Nowawes laid out by Frederick the Great in 1754.
NEUFCHÂTEAU, a town of eastern France, in the department of Vosges at the confluence of the Meuse and the Mouzon, 49 m. W.N.W. of Epinal by rail. Pop. (1906) 3924. The churches of St Christopher (13th and 15th centuries) and St Nicholas, the latter combining the Romanesque and Gothic styles and built above a Romanesque crypt, are of interest. A sub-prefecture, a tribunal of first instance and communal colleges are among the public institutions. Neufchâteau carries on wool-spinning and the manufacture of embroidery, nails and chains. The town, which is said to occupy the site of the Roman Neomagus, belonged in the middle ages to the dukes of Lorraine, ruins of whose château are still to be seen. In 1641 it passed to France.
NEUHALDENSLEBEN, a town of Germany, in the province of Prussian Saxony on the Ohre, situated 18 m. N.W. from Magdeburg by the railway to Öbisfelde and at the junction of a line to Eisleben. Pop. (1905) 10,421. It has an Evangelical church, an old equestrian statue of Henry the Lion and a gymnasium. There are several active industries, notably the manufacture of majolica and terra-cotta wares, machinery, gloves, beer, malt, cheese and sugar, while large pig markets are held here.
See Behrends, Chronik der Stadt Neuhaldensleben (new ed., 1903).
NEUHOF, THEODORE STEPHEN, Baron von (c. 1690–1756), German adventurer and for a short time nominal king of Corsica, was a son of a Westphalian nobleman and was born at Metz. Educated at the court of France, he served first in the French army and then in that of Sweden. Baron de Goertz, minister to Charles XII., realizing Neuhof’s capacity for intrigue, sent him to England and Spain to negotiate with Cardinal Alberoni. Having failed in this mission he returned to Sweden and then went to Spain, where he was made colonel and married one of the queen’s ladies-in-waiting. Deserting his wife soon afterwards he repaired to France and became mixed up in Law’s financial affairs, then he wandered about Portugal, Holland and Italy, and at Genoa he made the acquaintance of some Corsican prisoners and exiles, whom he persuaded that he could free their country from Genoese tyranny if they made him king of the island. With their help and that of the bey of Tunis he landed in Corsica in March 1736, where the islanders, believing his statement that he had the support of several of the great powers, proclaimed him king. He assumed the style of Theodore I., issued edicts, instituted an order of knighthood, and waged war on the Genoese, at first with some success. But he was eventually defeated, and civil broils soon broke out in the island; the Genoese having put a price on his head and published an account of his antecedents, he left Corsica in November 1736, ostensibly to seek foreign assistance. After trying in vain to induce the grand duke of Tuscany to recognize him, he started off on his wanderings once more until he was arrested for debt in Amsterdam. On regaining his freedom he sent his nephew to Corsica with a supply of arms; he himself returned to the island in 1738, 1739 and 1743, but the combined Genoesé and French forces and the growing strength of the party opposed to him again drove him to wandering about Europe. Arrested for debt in London he regained his freedom by mortgaging his “kingdom” of Corsica, and subsisted on the charity of Horace Walpole and some other friends until his death in London on the 11th of December 1756. His only son, Frederick (c. 1725–1797), served in the army of Frederick the Great and afterwards acted as agent in London for the grand-duke of Württemberg.
Frederick wrote an account of his father’s life, Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire de la Corse, and also an English translation, both published in London in 1768. In 1795 he published a new edition on Description of Corsica with an account of its union to the crown of Great Britain. See also Fitzgerald, King Theodore of Corsica (London, 1890).
NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, a town of northern France, in the department of Seine, 312 m. N.W. of the centre of Paris, of which it is a suburb, between the fortifications and the Seine. Pop. (1906) 39,222. A castle at Neuilly, built by the count of Argenson in the 18th century, ultimately became the property and favourite residence of the duke of Orleans (Louis Philippe), the birthplace of nearly all his children, and the scene of the offer of the crown in 1830. The buildings were pillaged and burned by the mob in 1848. The park, which extended from the fortifications to the river, as well as the neighbouring park of Villiers (also belonging to the princes of Orleans), was broken up into building lots, and is occupied by many small middle-class houses and a few fine villas. Within the line of the fortifications, but on Neuilly soil, stands the chapel of St Ferdinand, on the spot where the duke of Orleans died in 1842 from the results of a carriage accident. The stained-glass windows were made at Sevres after designs by Ingres; the ducal cenotaph, designed by Ary Scheffer, was sculptured by de Triqueti; and the chapel also contains a “Descent from the Cross,” by the last-named artist, and an angel executed in Carrara marble by the princess Marie d’Orleans, sister of the duke. The fine bridge, designed in the 18th century by Perronet, is noteworthy as the first level bridge constructed in France. The Galignani Institution, founded by the brothers Galignani for aged booksellers, printers and others, has accommodation for 100 residents. The manufactures
