united, and subsequently dominated the politics of the state.
| Territorial Governor.—James W. Nye, 1861–1864. |
| State Governors. |
| H. G. Blasdel, Rep., 1865–1870. |
| L. R. Bradley, Dem., 1871–1878. |
| J. H. Kinkhead, Rep., 1879–1882. |
| Jewett W. Adams, Dem., 1883–1886. |
| Christopher C. Stephenson, Rep., 1887–1889.[1] |
| Frank Bell, Rep., 1890. |
| R. K. Colcord, Rep., 1891–1894. |
| John E. Jones, Silver, 1895.[2] |
| Reinhold Sadler, Silver, 1895–1902. |
| John Sparks, Dem. (Silver), 1903–1906. |
| D. S. Dickerson, Dem., 1907–1910. |
| T. L. Oddie, Rep., 1911– |
Bibliography.—Clarence King, Report of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel (Professional Papers of the Engineer Department, U.S. Army); George M. Wheeler, Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian (Engineer Department, U.S. Army); Israel C. Russell, Present and Extinct Lakes of Nevada, in National Geographic Monographs, vol. i. No. 4 (June 1895); idem., The Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of North-western Nevada (Washington, 1885), U.S. Geological Survey Monograph, No. 11; Idah M. Strobridge, In Miners' Mirage Land (Los Angeles, 1904); H. Hoffman, Californien, Nevada und Mexico (Basel, 1879); Nevada and her Resources, compiled under the direction of the State Bureau of Immigration (Carson City, 1894); U.S. Department of Agriculture, North America Fauna, No. 7, pt. 2 (1893); William Wright, History of the Big Bonanza (Hartford, Conn., 1876); C. H. Shinn, The Story of the Mine as Illustrated by the Great Comstock Lode of Nevada, in “The Story of the West” series (New York, 1896); The Silver Mines of Nevada (New York, 1864); M. Angel (ed.), History of Nevada (Oakland, Cal., 1881); H. H. Bancroft, History of Nevada, Colorado and Wyoming, in vol. xxv. of his Works (San Francisco, 1890); Elliot Coues, On the Trail of a Spanish Cavalier, Francisco Garcés (New York, 1900).
NEVADA, a city and the county-seat of Vernon county, Missouri, U.S.A., in the south-western part of the state, about 90 m. S. by E. of Kansas City. Pop. (1900) 7461, of whom 235 were foreign-born and 168 negroes; (1910) 7176. It is served by the Missouri Pacific and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railway systems. The principal public buildings are the county court house, the federal building and the high school. Nevada is the seat of Cottey College for girls (Methodist-Episcopal, South, 1884) and of a state hospital for the insane, and there is a state camp ground for the National Guard of Missouri. There are three parks, one of which, Lake Park, is a pleasure and health resort, with a lake and chalybeate and sulphur springs. The smelting of lead and zinc and the manufacture of paper, lumber, sheet metal and bricks are among the city's industries. Nevada is a trading centre for the surrounding country, and a fine farming and stock-raising region, in which Indian corn, oats, wheat, clover, timothy and blue-grass are grown; coal is mined in the vicinity. The city’s water-supply is drawn from artesian wells. Nevada (“Nevada City” until 1869) was platted in 1855, was burned down in 1863 during the occupancy by the state militia in war time, was incorporated as a town in 1869, was entered by the first railway in 1870, and was chartered as a city in 1880.
NEVADA CITY, a township and the county-seat of Nevada county, California, U.S.A., about 130 m. N.E. of San Francisco. Pop. (1890) 2524; (1900) 3250 (764 foreign-born); (1910) 2689. It is the terminus of the Nevada County Narrow Gauge railway, which connects with the Southern Pacific railway at Colfax, 23 m. S. An electric line extends to Grass Valley (pop. in 1900, 4719), 4 m. S.W. Situated in a hilly and picturesque region, 2580 ft. above the sea, Nevada City is frequented as a health and summer resort (annual mean temperature, about 53·5° F.; mean summer temperature, about 66°). Gold-mining and quartz-mining are its principal industries, and in 1907 Nevada County’s output of gold (104,590·76 oz., worth $2,162,083) was second only to that of Butte county (134,813·39 oz., worth $2,786,840) in California; the county is the leading producer from quartz mines. Among the manufactures of the township are carriages and products of planing mills, foundries and machine shops; and grapes and fruits are raised in the surrounding country. Gold was first discovered within what is now Nevada City, on Deer Creek, in the summer of 1848, by James W. Marshall, who, in January of the same year, had found the metal near what is now Coloma, Eldorado county. The first settlement was made here in 1849; rich deposits of gold were soon afterwards found on or near the surface, and the settlement had the characteristic growth of a western mining town; its output of gold reached its maximum in 1850–1851. Nevada City was first incorporated in 1851 under a special act of the legislature (repealed in 1852); it was reincorporated in 1856 and again in 1878.
NÉVÉ, or Firn, the name given to the partly consolidated masses of snow and ice which form in the hollows on the sides of mountains below the belt of freshly fallen snow and just above the compact glacier-ice. The névé, which generally consists of broad sheets of great beauty, is formed from the freshly fallen snow during a series of alternate thaws and frosts. These processes are accompanied by a gradual descent down the mountain side, during which the névé suffers consolidation, until it becomes compact glacier-ice. The névé is thus the feeding ground of the glacier (q.v.). The word névé (Lat. nix, nivis, snow) is adopted from the French dialect of the French Alps; firn is German, meaning “last year's (snow).”
NEVERS, a town of central France, capital of the department of Nièvre, 159 m. S.S.E. of Paris by the Paris-Lyons-Méditerranée railway to Nîmes. Pop. (1906) 23,561. Nevers is situated on the slope of a hill on the right bank of the Loire at its confluence with the Nièvre. Narrow winding streets lead from the quay through the town where there are numerous old houses of the 14th to the 17th centuries. Among the ecclesiastical buildings the most important is the cathedral of St Cyr, which is a combination of two buildings, and possesses two apses. The apse and transept at the west end are the remains of a Romanesque church, while the nave and eastern apse are in the Gothic style and belong to the 14th century. There is no transept at the eastern end. The lateral portal on the south side belongs to the late 15th century; the massive and elaborately decorated tower which rises beside it to the early 16th century. The church of St Étienne is a specimen of the Romanesque style of Auvergne of which the disposition of the apse with its three radiating chapels is characteristic. It was consecrated at the close of the 11th century, and belonged to a priory affiliated to Cluny. The ducal palace at Nevers (now occupied by the courts of justice and an important ceramic museum) was built in the 15th and 16th centuries and is one of the principal feudal edifices in central France. The façade is flanked at each end by a turret and a round tower. A middle tower containing the great staircase has its windows adorned by sculptures relating to the history of the, house of Clèves by the members of which the greater part of the palace was built. In front of the palace lies a wide open space with a fine view over the valley of the Loire. The Porte du Croux, a square tower, with corner turrets, dating from the end of the 14th century, is among the remnants of the old fortifications; it now contains a collection of sculptures and Roman antiquities. A triumphal arch of the 18th century, commemorating the victory of Fontenoy and the hôtel de ville, a modern building which contains the library, are of some interest. The Loire is crossed by a modern stone bridge, and by an iron railway bridge. Nevers is the seat of a bishopric, of tribunals of first instance and of commerce and of a court of assizes and has a chamber of commerce and a branch of the Bank of France. Its educational institutions include a lycée, a training college for female teachers, ecclesiastical seminaries and a school of art. The town manufactures porcelain, agricultural implements, chemical manures, glue, boilers and iron goods, boots and shoes and fur garments, and has distilleries, tanneries and dye-works. Its trade is in iron and steel, wood, wine, grain, live-stock, &c. Hydraulic lime, kaolin and clay for the manufacture of faience are worked in the vicinity.
