muscular band of Treitz. The German anatomists at the Basel conference lately proposed a uniform Latin and Greek nomenclature, which, though not altogether satisfactory, is gaining ground on the European continent. As there are some four hundred muscles on each side of the body it will be impossible here to attempt more than a mere sketch of them; for the details the anatomical textbooks must be consulted.
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| From A. M. Paterson, Cunningham’s Text Book of Anatomy. |
Fig. 2.—The Muscles of the Face and Scalp (muscles of expression). |
Muscles of the Head and Face (see fig. 2).—The scalp is moved by a large flat muscle called the occipito-frontalis, which has two muscular bellies, the occipitalis and frontalis, and an intervening epicranial aponeurosis; this muscle moves the scalp and causes the transverse wrinkles in the forehead. The anterior, posterior and superior auricular muscles are present but are almost functionless in man. The orbicularis palpebrarum forms a sphincter round the eyelids, which it closes, though there is little doubt that parts of the muscle can act separately and cause various expressions. The side of the nose has several muscles, the actions of which are indicated by their names; they are the compressor, two dilatores and the depressor alae nasi, while the levator labii superioris et alae nasi sometimes goes to the nose. Raising the upper lip, in addition to the last named, are the levator labii superioris proprius and the levator anguli oris, while the zygomaticus major draws the angle of the mouth outward. The lower lip is depressed by the depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris, while the orbicularis oris acts as a sphincter to the mouth.
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| From A. M. Paterson, Cunningham’s Text Book of Anatomy. |
Fig. 3.—Pterygoid Region. |
