| Governors of Ohio
Territorial Period (1787–1803). | ||
| Arthur St Clair | 1787–1802 | Federalist |
| Charles W. Byrd (Acting) | 1802–1803 | Dem.-Repub. |
| Period of Statehood. | ||
| Edward Tiffin | 1803–1807 | Dem.-Repub. |
| Thomas Kirker (Acting) | 1807–1809 | ,, |
| Samuel Huntington | 1809–1811 | ,, |
| Return Jonathan Meigs | 1811–1814 | ,, |
| Othniel Looker (Acting) | 1814–1815 | ,, |
| Thomas Worthington | 1815–1819 | ,, |
| Ethan Allen Brown | 1819–1822 | ,, |
| Allen Trimble (Acting) | 1822–1823 | ,, |
| Jeremiah Morrow | 1823–1827 | Democrat |
| Allen Trimble | 1827–1831 | ,, |
| Duncan McArthur | 1831–1833 | Nat.-Repub. |
| Robert Lucas | 1833–1837 | Democrat |
| Joseph Vance | 1837–1839 | Whig |
| Wilson Shannon | 1839–1841 | Democrat |
| Thomas Corwin | 1841–1843 | Whig |
| Wilson Shannon | 1843–1844 | Democrat |
| Thomas W. Bartley (Acting) | 1844–1845 | ,, |
| Mordecai Bartley | 1845–1847 | Whig |
| William Bebb | 1847–1849 | ,, |
| Seabury Ford | 1849–1851 | ,, |
| Reuben Wood | 1851–1853 | Democrat |
| William Medill (Acting, 1853) | 1853–1856 | ,, |
| Salmon P. Chase | 1856–1860 | Republican |
| William Dennison, Jr. | 1860–1862 | ,, |
| David Tod | 1862–1864 | ,, |
| John Brough | 1864–1865 | ,, |
| Charles Anderson (Acting) | 1865–1866 | ,, |
| Jacob D. Cox | 1866–1868 | ,, |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | 1868–1872 | ,, |
| Edward F. Noyes | 1872–1874 | ,, |
| William Allen | 1874–1876 | Democrat |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | 1876–1877 | Republican |
| Thomas L. Young (Acting) | 1877–1878 | ,, |
| Richard M. Bishop | 1878–1880 | Democrat |
| Charles Foster | 1880–1884 | Republican |
| George Hoadley | 1884–1886 | Democrat |
| Joseph B. Foraker | 1886–1890 | Republican |
| James E. Campbell | 1890–1892 | Democrat |
| William McKinley, Jr. | 1892–1896 | Republican |
| Asa S. Bushnell | 1896–1900 | ,, |
| George K. Nash | 1900–1904 | ,, |
| Myron T. Herrick | 1904–1906 | ,, |
| John M. Pattison[1] | 1906 | Democrat |
| Andrew Lintner Harris | 1906–1909 | Republican |
| Judson Harmon | 1909– | Democrat |
Bibliography.—For a brief but admirable treatment of the physiography see Stella S. Wilson, Ohio (New York, 1902), and a great mass of material on this subject is contained in the publications of the Geological Survey of Ohio (1837 et seq.). For the administration see the Constitution of the State of Ohio, adopted June 1851 (Norwalk, Ohio, 1897), and amendments of 1903 and 1905 published separately; the annual reports of the state treasurer, auditor, board of state charities and commissioner of common schools, the Ellis municipal code (1902) and the Harrison school code (1904). The Civil Code, issued 1852, the Criminal Code in 1869 and the Revised Statutes in 1879, have several times been amended and published in new editions. There are two excellent secondary accounts: Samuel P. Orth, The Centralization of Administration in Ohio, in the Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, xvi. No. 3 (New York, 1903); and Wilbur H. Siebert, The Government of Ohio, its History and Administration (New York, 1904). B. A. Hinsdale’s History and Civil Government of Ohio (Chicago, 1896) is more elementary. For local government see J. A. Wilgus, “Evolution of Township Government in Ohio,” in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1894, pp. 403-412 (Washington, 1895); D. F. Wilcox, Municipal Government in Michigan and Ohio, in the Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, v. No. 3 (New York, 1895); J. A. Fairlie, “The Municipal Crisis in Ohio,” in the Michigan Law Review for February 1903; and Thomas L. Sidlo, “Centralization in Ohio Municipal Government,” in the American Political Science Review for November 1909. On education see George B. Germann, National Legislation concerning Education, its Influence and Effect in the Public Lands east of the Mississippi River, admitted prior to 1820 (New York, 1899); J. J. Burns, Educational History of Ohio (Columbus, 1905).
Archaeology and History: P. G. Thomson’s Bibliography of Ohio (Cincinnati, 1880) is an excellent guide to the study of Ohio’s history. For archaeology see Cyrus Thomas’s Catalogue of Prehistoric Works East of the Rocky Mountains (Washington, 1891), and his Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology in the 12th Report (1894) of that Bureau, supplementing his earlier bulletins, Problem of the Ohio Mounds and the Circular, Square and Octagonal Earthworks of Ohio (1889); and W. K. Moorehead, Primitive Man in Ohio (New York, 1892). The best history is Rufus King, Ohio; First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787 (Boston and New York, 1888), in the “American Commonwealths” series. Alexander Black’s Story of Ohio (Boston, 1888) is a short popular account. B. A. Hinsdale, The Old North-west (2nd ed., New York, 1899), is good for the period before 1803. Of the older histories Caleb Atwater, History of the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil (Cincinnati, 1838), and James W. Taylor, History of the State of Ohio: First Period 1650–1787 (Cincinnati, 1854), are useful. For the Territorial period, and especially for the Indian wars of 1790–1794, see W. H. Smith (ed.), The St Clair Papers: Life and Services of Arthur St Clair (2 vols., Cincinnati, 1882); Jacob Burnet, Notes on the Early Settlement of the North-Western Territory (Cincinnati, 1847), written from the Federalist point of view, and hence rather favourable to St Clair; C. E. Slocum, Ohio Country between 1783 and 1815 (New York, 1910); and John Armstrong’s Life of Anthony Wayne in Sparks’ “Library of American Biography” (Boston, 1834–1838), series i. vol. iv. See also F. P. Goodwin, The Growth of Ohio (Cincinnati, 1907) and R. E. Chaddock, Ohio before 1850 (New York, 1908). There is considerable material of value, especially for local history, in the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications (Columbus, 1887), and in Henry Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio (1st ed., Cincinnati, 1847; Centennial edition [enlarged], 2 vols., Columbus, 1889–1891). T. B. Galloway, “The Ohio-Michigan Boundary Line Dispute,” in the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, vol. iv. pp. 199-230, is a good treatment of that complicated question. W. F. Gephart’s Transportation and Industrial Development in the Middle West (New York, 1909), in the Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, is a commercial history of Ohio.
OHIO COMPANY, a name of two 18th century companies
organized for the colonization of the Ohio Valley. The first
Ohio Company was organized in 1749, partly to aid in securing
for the English control of the valley, then in dispute between
England and France, and partly as a commercial project for
trade with the Indians. The company was composed of
Virginians, including Thomas Lee (d. 1750) and the two brothers of
George Washington, Lawrence (who succeeded to the management
upon the death of Lee) and Augustine; and of Englishmen,
including John Hanbury, a wealthy London merchant. George II.
sanctioned a grant to the company of 500,000 acres generally
N.W. of the Ohio, and to the eastward, between the Monongahela
and the Kanawha rivers, but the grant was never actually
issued. In 1750–1751 Christopher Gist, a skilful woodsman and
surveyor, explored for the company the Ohio Valley as far as
the mouth of the Scioto river. In 1752 the company had a
pathway blazed between the small fortified posts at Will’s Creek
(Cumberland), Maryland, and at Redstone Creek (Brownsville).
Pennsylvania, which it had established in 1750; but it was
finally merged in the Walpole Company (an organization in
which Benjamin Franklin was interested), which in 1772 had
received from the British government a grant of a large tract
lying along the southern bank of the Ohio as far west as the
mouth of the Scioto river. The War of Independence interrupted
colonization and nothing was accomplished.
The second company, the Ohio Company of Associates, was formed at Boston on the 3rd of March 1786. The leaders in the movement were General Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper (1738–1792), Samuel Holden Parsons (1737–1789) and Manasseh Cutler. Dr Cutler was selected to negotiate with Congress, and seems to have helped to secure the incorporation in the Ordinance for the government of the North-West Territory of the paragraphs which prohibited slavery and provided for public education and for the support of the ministry. Cutler’s original intention was to buy for the Ohio Company only about 1,500,000 acres, but on the 27th of July Congress authorized a grant of about 5,000,000 acres of land for $3,500,000; a reduction of one-third was allowed for bad tracts, and it was also provided that the lands could be paid for in United States securities. On the 27th of October 1787 Cutler and Major Winthrop Sargent (1753–1820), who had joined him in the negotiations, signed two contracts; one was for the absolute purchase for the Ohio Company, at 6623 cents an acre, of 1,500,000 acres of land lying along the north bank of the Ohio river, from a point near the site of the
- ↑ Died in office.
