permission to leave the country, and his property was confiscated. On the 15th of July 1895 he was attacked and barbarously mutilated by a band of Macedonian assassins in the streets of Sofia, and succumbed to his injuries three days later. His funeral, which was attended by the representatives of the powers at Sofia, was interrupted by disgraceful riots, and an effort was made to perpetrate an outrage on his remains. No attempt was made to arrest his murderers; two persons were, however, arraigned for the crime in 1806, and subjected to almost nominal penalties.
(J. D. B.)
STAMFORD, HENRY GREY, 1st Earl of (c. 1599–1673),
eldest son of Sir John Grey, succeeded his grandfather, Henry
Grey as Baron Grey of Groby in July 1614. He married Anne,
daughter of William Cecil, 2nd earl of Exeter, the heiress of the
borough and manor of Stamford, and in March 1628 was created
earl of Stamford. Just before the outbreak of the Civil War he
ranged himself definitely among the king’s opponents, and was
made lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire. After some operations
around Leicester he occupied Hereford, and, when compelled
to abandon the city, marched into Cornwall. At Stratton, in
May 1643, his troops were beaten by the Royalists; driven into
Exeter, Stamford was forced to surrender this city after a siege
of three months. The earl, who was certainly no general, was
charged with cowardice, and took no further part in the military
operations of the war, although once or twice he was employed
on other business. The ravages of the Royalists had reduced
him to poverty, and, distrusted by the House of Commons, he
had great difficulty in getting any compensation from parliament. After a period of retirement Stamford declared for
Charles II. during a rising in August 1659, and was arrested, but
was soon released. He died on the 21st of August 1673. One
of his sons was Anchitell Grey (d. 1702), the compiler of the
Debates of the House of Commons, 1667–1694 (10 vols. 1769).
His eldest son, Thomas, Lord Grey of Groby (c. 1623–1657), was
member of parliament for Leicester during the Long Parliament,
and an active member of the parliamentary party. In January
1643 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces of the
parliament in the midland counties and governor of Leicester.
In 1648 he won some credit for his share in the pursuit and
capture of the duke of Hamilton; he assisted Colonel Pride to
“purge” the House of Commons later in the same year; and
he was a member of the court which tried the king, whose death-
warrant he signed. A member of the council of state under the
Commonwealth, Grey fought against the Scots in 1651, and in
February 1655 he was arrested on suspicion of conspiring against
Cromwell. He was, however, soon released, but he predeceased
his father in April or May 1657.
Thomas (c. 1654–1720), only son of the last named, succeeded his grandfather as 2nd earl of Stamford. He took some part in resisting the arbitrary actions of Charles II., and was arrested in July 1685; then after his release he took up arms on behalf of William of Orange, after whose accession to the throne he was made a privy councillor and lord-lieutenant of Devonshire. In 1697 he became chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, and in 1699 president of the board of trade, being dismissed from his office on the accession of Anne in 1702. From 1707 to 1711, however, he was again president of the board of trade. On his death without children on the 31st of January 1720 his titles passed to his cousin Henry (d. 1739), a grandson of the first earl, from whom the later earls were descended.
STAMFORD, a city of Fairfield county, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
in a township of the same name, in the south-western part of
the state, on Long Island Sound, 33½ m. (by rail) N.E. of New
York City. Pop. of the city (1900), 15,997, of whom 4078 were
foreign-born; (1910, census) 25,138; of the township, including
the city (1900), 18,839; (1910): 28,836. The city is served by
the New York, New Haven & Hartford railway (which has
other stations in the township at Glenbrook, Springdale and
Talmadge Hill), by electric railway to Darien, Greenwich, &c,
and by two lines of steamboats to New York City and ports on
the Sound. The city is pleasantly situated with the Rippowam
river flowing through it, the Mianus river on the west and the
Noroton on the east. It is the place of residence of many New
York business men. Among its institutions are the Ferguson
Library (1882; with 16,000 volumes in 1909), several private
schools, a Y.M.C.A., the Stamford Hospital (private, 1893), two
private sanatoria, the Convent of our Lady of Lourdes, St
John’s Church House, a day nursery (1902), with dispensary and
kindergarten, and the Stamford Children’s Home (1895). The
Stamford and the Corinthian Yacht Clubs have club-houses
here. Shippan Point, on the Sound, 1½ m. south of the city, is
a summer resort, near which the city bought land for a public
park in 1906. Stamford’s factory product in 1905 was valued
at $5,890,416, 50.3% more than in 1900. The principal manufactures are builders' hardware, locks and keys (the works of
the Yale & Towne Manufacturing Company are here), woollen
goods, dye stuffs, &c. The township of Stamford, known until
1642 by the Indian name of Rippowam, was settled in 1641 by
twenty-nine persons who for religious reasons seceded from the
Wethersfield church and joined the colony of New Haven. Discontent with the religious policy of New Haven, however, caused
a number of the Stamford citizens to withdraw and to found
Hempstead, Long Island, and for the same reason many of the
people of Stamford approved of the union of the New Haven
colony and Connecticut by the charter of 1662; and in October 1662 Stamford submitted to Connecticut. Stamford was
chartered as a borough in 1830 and as a city in 1894.
See E. B. Huntington, History of Stamford (Stamford, 1868) ; and C. B. Gillespie. Picturesque Stamford (Stamford, 1893).
STAMFORD, a market town and municipal borough, chiefly
in the South Kesteven or Stamford parliamentary division of Lincolnshire, but partly in Northamptonshire, on the river Welland,
at the landward edge of the fen country. Pop. (1901), 8229.
The town stands picturesquely on the steep banks of the river,
and is of the highest antiquarian interest. It formerly possessed
fourteen parish churches, but now has only six, viz. St Mary's,
erected at the end of the 13th century, possessing an Early
English tower, with Decorated spire, the principal other parts
of the building being Perpendicular; All Saints', also of the 13th
century, the steeple being built at the expense of John Browne,
merchant of the staple at Calais, in the beginning of the 15th
century; St Michael's, rebuilt in 1836 on the site of the one
erected in 1269; St George's, Early English, Decorated, and
Perpendicular, for the most part rebuilt in 1450 at the expense
of William Bruges, first garter king-at-arms; St John Baptist's,
Perpendicular, erected about 1452; and St Martin's, Perpendicular, in which Lord Treasurer Burghley is buried. Formerly
there were several religious houses: the Benedictine monastery
of St Leonard's, founded in the 7th century, of, which there are
some Norman and later remains; the Carmelite monastery
(1291), of which the west gate still stands; and houses for Grey
Friars (time of Henry III.), Dominicans (1240), Gilbertines
(1291), and Augustinians (1316). The principal secular buildings are the town hall (rebuilt 1776), the corn exchange (1859),
and the literary and scientific institute (1842), with a library of
6000 volumes. There are a large number of charitable institu-
tions, including the Stamford and Rutland infirmary (1828),
Browne's hospital, founded in the time of Richard III., with
its picturesque Late Perpendicular building, Snowden's alms-
houses (1604), Truesdale's almshouses (1700), and Burghley
hospital, founded by Lord Treasurer Burghley (1597). The
modern grammar school building incorporates remains of the
church of St Paul. To the south of Stamford, in Northamptonshire, is Burghley House, the seat of the marquis of Exeter, a fine quadrangular mansion dating from 1587, containing a noteworthy art collection. It stands in a well-wooded park. The prosperity of the town depends chiefly on its connexion with agriculture. It possesses iron foundries, agricultural implement works, wagon factories and breweries. There is also some trade in coal, timber, stone and slates. The town is governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. Area, 1918 acres.
Apart from the tradition preserved by Henry of Huntingdon that the Saxons here defeated the Picts and Scots in 449, Stamford (Staunford) is a place of great antiquity. The Danes built
