Similar dripping eaves existed in most of the Greek Doric temples in contradistinction to the Ionic temples, where the water of the roof was collected in the cymatium or gutter and thrown out through the mouths of lions, whose heads were carved on the cymatium.
STILLINGFLEET, EDWARD (1635–1690), English divine, was
born at Cranborne, Dorset, on the 17th of April 1635. There
and at Ringwood he received his early education, and at the age
of thirteen was entered at St John’s College, Cambridge. He took
his B.A. in 1652, and in the following year was elected to a fellowship. After residing as tutor first in the family of Sir Roger Burgoyne in Warwickshire and then with the Hon. Francis
Pierrepoint at Nottingham, he was in 1657 presented by the
former to the living of Sutton in Bedfordshire. Here he pub-
lished (1659) his Irenicum, in which he sought to give expression
to the prevailing weariness of the faction between Episcopacy
and Presbyterianism, and to find some compromise in which all
could conscientiously unite. He looks upon the form of church
government as non-essential, but condemns Nonconformity.
In 1662 (the year of the Act of Uniformity) he reprinted the
Irenicum with an appendix, in which he sought to prove that
'" the church is a distinct society from the state, and has divers
rights and privileges of its own." Stillingfleet’s actions were as
liberal as his opinions, and he aided more than one ejected
minister. In later years he was not so liberal. But, though in
1680 he published his Unreasonableness of Separation, his
willingness to serve on the ecclesiastical commission of 1689, and
the interpretation he then proposed of the damnatory clauses of
the Athanasian creed, are proof that to the end he leaned
towards toleration. His rapid promotion dates from 1662, when
he published Origines sacrae, or a Rational Account of the
Christian Faith as to the Truth and Divine Authority of the
Scriptures and the Matters therein contained. Humphrey Hench-
man, bishop of London, employed him to write a vindication of
Laud’s answer to John Fisher, the Jesuit. In 1665 the earl of
Southampton presented him to St Andrew's, Holborn, two years
later he became prebendary of St Paul's, in 1668 chaplain to
Charles II., in 1670 canon residentiary, and in 1678 dean of St
Paul's. He was also preacher at the Rolls Chapel and reader at
the Temple. Finally he was consecrated bishop of Worcester
on the 13th of October 1689. During these years he was cease-
lessly engaged in controversy with Nonconformists, Romanists,
Deists and Socinians. His unrivalled and various learning, his
dialectical expertness, and his massive judgment, rendered him a
formidable antagonist; but the respect entertained for him by his
opponents was chiefly aroused by his recognized love of truth
and superiority to personal considerations. He was one of the
seven bishops who resisted the proposed Declaration of Indul-
gence (1688). The range of his learning is most clearly seen in his Bishop’s Right to Vote in Parliament in Cases Capital. His
Origines Britannicae, or Antiquities of the British Church (1685),
is a strange mixture of critical and uncritical research. He was
so handsome in person as to have earned the sobriquet of " the
beauty of holiness." In his closing years he had some contro-
versy with John Locke, whom he considered to have impugned the
doctrine of the Trinity. He died at Westminster on the 28th of
March 1699, and was buried at Worcester. His manuscripts
were bought by Robert Harley (afterwards earl of Oxford), his
books by Narcissus Marsh, archbishop of Armagh.
A collected edition of his works, with life by Richard Bentley, was published in London (1710) ; and a useful edition of The Doctrines and Practices of the Church of Rome Truly Represented was published in 1845 by William Cunningham.
STILLMAN, WILLIAM JAMES (1828–1901), American painter
and journalist, was born at Schenectady, New York, on the 1st of
June 1828. His parents were Seventh-Day Baptists, and his
early religious training influenced him all though his life. He
was sent to school in New York by his mother, who made great
sacrifices that he might get an education, and he graduated at
Union College, Schenectady, in 1848. He studied art under
Frederick E. Church and early in 1850 went to England, where
he made the acquaintance of Ruskin, whose Modern Painters he had devoured, was introduced to Turner, for whose works he had
unbounded admiration, and fell so much under the influence of
Rossetti and Miliars that on his return home in the same year he
speedily became known as the " American Pre-Raphaelite. " In
1852 Kossuth sent him on a fool’s errand to Hungary to dig up
crown jewels, which had been buried secretly during the insurrec-
tion of 1848–1849. While he was awaiting a projected rising
in Milan, Stillman studied art under Yvon in Paris, and then, as
the rising did not take place, he returned to the United States
and devoted himself to landscape painting on Upper Saranac
Lake in the Adirondacks and in New York City, where he started
the Crayon. It numbered Lowell, Aldrich and Charles Eliot
Norton among its contributors, and when it failed for want of
funds, Stillman removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts. There
he passed several years, but a fit of restlessness started him
off once more to England. He renewed his friendship with
Ruskin, and went with him to Switzerland to paint and draw
in the Alps, where he worked so assiduously that his eye-
sight was affected. He then lived in Faris and was in
Normandy in 1861 when the American Civil War broke out.
He made more than one attempt to serve in the Northern
ranks, but his health was too weak ; in the same year he was
appointed United States consul in Rome. In 1865 a dispute
with his government led to his resignation, but immediately
afterwards he was appointed to Crete, where, as an avowed
champion of the Christians in the island and of Cretan indepen-
dence, he was regarded with hostility both by the Mussulman
population and by the Turkish authorities, and in September 1868
he resigned and went to Athens, where his first wife (a daughter
of David Mack of Cambridge) , worn out by the excitement of life
in Crete, committed suicide. He was an editor of Scribner’s
Magazine for a short time and then went to London, where he
lived with D. G. Rossetti. In 1871 he married a daughter of
Michael Spartali, the Greek consul-general. When the insurrec-
tion of 1875 broke out in Herzegovina he went there as a corre-
spondent of The Times, and his letters from the Balkans aroused
so much interest that the British government was induced to
lend its countenance to Montenegrin aspirations. In 1877–1883
he served as the correspondent of The Times at Athens; in 1886-
1898 at Rome. He was a severe critic of Italian statesmen, and
embroiled himself at various times with various politicians, from
Crispi downwards. After his retirement he lived in Surrey,
where he died on the 6th of July 1901. He wrote The Cretan
Insurrection of 1866–1868 (1874). On the Track of Ulysses (1888),
Billy and Hans (1897) and Francesco Crispi (1899).
See his Autobiography of a Journalist (2 vols., Boston, 1901).
STILLWATER, a city and the county-seat of Washington
county, Minnesota, U.S.A., at the head of Lake St Croix, on
the west bank of the St Croix river, 20 m. above its mouth, and
about 20 m. N.E. of St Paul. Pop. (1890) 11,260; (1900)12,318;
(1905 state census) 12,435, 3586 being foreign-born (1189 Swedes,
849 Germans, 828 Canadians); (1910 U.S. census) 10,198.
It is served by the Northern Pacific, the Chicago, St Paul,
Minneapolis & Omaha, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul
railways, and is connected by electric line with St Paul and
Minneapolis. The city is picturesquely situated on bluffs
rising from the St Croix and commanding fine views. Among
the public buildings are a handsome public library, the city
hall, the county court-house, the Federal building, an auditorium,
and the city hospital, and the city is the seat of the
Stillwater business college, and of the Minnesota sm³tate prison,
established in 1851, in which a system of parole and of graded
diminution of sentences is in force, and in connexion with
which is maintained a school and a library Commercially
Stillwater is important as a centre of the lumber trade and as a
shipping point for cereal products. The valuable water-power
is utilized by its varied manufactories. In 1905 the value of the
factory products was $2,784,113 an increase of 54-6% since 1900.
Stillwater, the first town platted in Minnesota, was permanently
settled in 1843, and was laid out in 1848 by Joseph Renshaw
Brown (1805–1870), a pioneer editor and soldier. Here met in
1848 the "Stillwater Convention," famous in Minnesota history
