the frequency of cloud and the consequent loss of duration of sunshine
would increase for corresponding latitudes from the tropical anticyclone
southward, but beyond the region of minimum (pressure
at the winter quarters of the “ Discovery ” in latitude 77 51' S.,
longitude 166° 45' E., the amount of bright sunshine recorded during
the two years 1902 and 1903 was remarkably large. The total for
1903 equalled that for Scilly, and in December of that year an
The one question of the kind to which' the sunshine recorder
gives an absolutely controvertible answer is as to the effect of the
smoke of great citie
s in diminishing the sunshine in the immediate
average of 16 hours per day was registered.
Ieahe/s are shou/nfnr 9111
750,200,250, 300 and 350 hrS.
3 200
I 10|
-11
o . "
- l 'I . "Neon
|ng, i¢' Q moo " rl zoo U, X, z
- ao 1902135
was "' ' 'wi n t, Q 1' &a':ss uzjinzsiu 1 an * 95° V U 1 as a” 11 . 20° J an 151 2 242 so 5 H, - zz 21 ess 9 209 H “ ez? "I U - M ass zoo ”2,1 R., a 1,197 1 ~ 91 § W"' . ° 5 1115 25 T' , ago 32:10 '2 U' /
- ns " "i, inf
I0 In Msn' M35 3 3 0 tu A(oo aaa 2 1| 153
- Ti
May 1909. /sohels are shown for 100, 740, 180 and 220 hrs. l 5,530 J|l|II— lb 'uns ff O Q IO 129 220 Q bf- | 14° so |40 100 M 40
l??|¢| June 1909 “O .n B5 22), 4 n 1 . . % I l us 155| I “ I 1 B sl 9 u 1:0 'if1 ' ° H 2 1 ' " 1: 1:2 'ui 15 ~l 1 r 111 9 ' ' uf; W 1:1 B 13| Qgwg f ' gg 11 I ° 'H J21 L" ° 0;° o' Q' V 115
- u, , 'Shes “cuss ' us
11, 3 155
O s 111 QL? 0 I V 11? W FIG. 8.-Sunshine in the British Isles in May and June 1909. Sunshine Results for Other Ports of the World.-Maps showing the average annual distribution of sunshine over Europe and North America are given in Bartholomew's Phymkol Atlas, vol. iii. Atlas of Meteorology. Over Europe the largest totals, over 2750 hours per annum, are shown over central Spain. In North America, values exceed 3250 hours per annum in the New Mexico region. For other parts of the world the information available is not sufficiently extensive for the construction of charts. Eject upon Sunshine Records of the Smoke of Great Cities.—Much discussion has taken place from time to time as to whether the climate of a locality can be altered by artificial means. Questions have been raised as to the effect of forests upon rainfall, as to the indirect effect of irrigation or the converse process, the obliteration of natural irrigation by blown sand, and as to the possibility of producing, arresting or modifying rainfall by the discharge of explosives. 1 I0 is 20 25 30 ds 40g 45 50 3 3 News Spring Summer ' Autumn Winter i4g. I- I, I al l I0 20 no — s Extreme North 60- 1 so- 40.1 1 20 m I0 - . Extreme South 40 ., 30~ 20 10-f Western Section Z I l 40- 30- 20— I0 - . Eastern Sectzon FIG. 9.-Average Duration of bright Sunshine in the British Isles for each week. neighbourhood. This may be illustrated by the figures for sunshine during the winter months 05 Bunhill Row, E.C., in the middle of London, Westminster, Kew and Cambridge. Monthly Average Duration of Bright Sunshine derived from Observations extending over Twenty Years. Station. November. December. January. February. Bunhill Row . 22-8 7~5 14-1 30-6 V/est minster . . 27-7 13-1 18-4 32-8 Kew . . . . 50-8 38-1 40-3 54-6 Cambridge . 61-0 40-6 48-9 73-8 This is not a question which comes out merely by taking averages. The answer can be seen directly by comparing the daily cards (see fig. IO, Sunshine Cards for Cambridge, Westminster and Bunhill Row for December 1904). Thus it appears that the direct effect of the local contamination of the London atmosphere results in the
