made master and surveyor of the ordnance in the northern parts of the realm and in this capacity he took part in the siege of Edinburgh Castle by the English in May 1573. Sutton obtained great wealth by the ownership of coal mines in Durham and also by his marriage in 1582 with Elizabeth (d. 1602), widow of John Dudley of Stoke Newington. His wish to devote some of his money to charitable purposes led him in 1611 to purchase for £13,000 the Charterhouse (q.v.) from Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk. On this spot Sutton erected the hospital and school which he had originally intended to build at Hallingbury in Essex. Sutton died at Hackney on the 12th of December 1611 and was buried in the chapel in the Charterhouse. His wealth was left for charitable uses, but in 1613 James I. ordered his executors to make an allowance to his natural son, Roger Sutton.
SUTTON, an urban district in the Epsom parliamentary division of Surrey, England, 11 m. S. of London by the London Brighton & South Coast railway. Pop. (1891), 13,977; (1901) 17,223. It is pleasantly situated at the edge of the Downs, and is in favour as an outer residential district of London. The manor, according to Domesday, belonged to the abbey of Chertsey at the Conquest and continued so until the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII.
SUTTON COLDFIELD, a municipal borough in the Tamworth parliamentary division of Warwickshire, England, 7 m. N.E. from Birmingham on branches of the London & North-Western and Midland railways. Pop. (1001), 14,264. The town, which lies high in a hilly situation, is the centre of a residential district for persons having their business offices in Birmingham, Walsall and other towns. The church of the Holy Trinity, Early English and Late Perpendicular, enlarged in 1879, contains a fine Norman font and the tomb of Bishop Vesey. On the picturesque park near the town, 2400 acres in extent, the
inhabitants have the right of grazing horses and cattle at a small fee. This, with the Crystal Palace gardens, forms a recreation ground for the people of Birmingham. In the vicinity are New Hall, an interesting mansion of the 13th century, with a hall of the 16th, used as a boys’ school; and Peddimore Hall, a moated mansion of the ancient family of Arden, of which there are slight remains. The town is governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. Area, 12,828 acres.
Sutton Coldfield (Svtone, Sutton in Colefeud, Sutton Colfild, King’s Sutton) is mentioned in the Domesday Survey as a possession of the Conqueror and as having been held before that time by Edwin, earl of Mercia. Henry I. exchanged it with Roger de Newburgh, earl of Warwick, whose descendant, William de Beauchamp, in the reign of Edward I., claimed by prescription a court leet with assize of bread and ale and other liberties here, which were allowed him, as it was found that his ancestors had held the same. By the time of Henry VIII. the town had fallen “into much ruin,” according to Leland, and would never have reached its present position but for the interest of John Vesey, bishop of Exeter, a native of the place, who procured for it a charter of incorporation in 1529 under the title of the “Warden and Society of the Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield.” The charter also appointed a warden and twenty-two fellows to be the common hall, and granted the town and park to the corporation at a yearly rent of £58. Another charter, dated 1664, appointed two capital burgesses to be justices of the peace with the warden. In 1855 Sutton was divided into six wards, with an alderman and three councillors for each. Markets granted in 1300, 1353 and 1529 have been discontinued. Fairs were granted in 1300, 1353 and 1529, to be held at the feasts of Trinity, Michaelmas and St Simon and St Jude, and are now held on Trinity Monday, the 14th of March, the 19th of September and the 8th of November. Vesey set up here a cloth trade which, however, soon became neglected.
SUTTON-IN-ASHFIELD, an urban district in the Mansfield parliamentary division of Nottinghamshire, England, lying in a picturesque district on the border of Sherwood Forest, on branch lines of the Midland and Great Northern railways, 15 m. N. by W. of Nottingham. Pop. (1891), 10,562; (1901), 14,862.
The church of St Mary Magdalene of the 12th and 14th centuries was restored in 1868. There are collieries and limeworks in the vicinity. Cotton hosiery and thread are the principal manufactures.
SUVÁROV. Alexander Vasilievich, Count Suvárov Rimniksky, Prince Italysky (1729–1800), Russian field marshal, was born at Moscow on the 24th of November 1729, the descendant of a Swede named Suvor who emigrated to Russia in 1622. He entered the army as a boy, served against the Swedes in Finland and against the Prussians during the Seven Years’ War. After repeatedly distinguishing himself in battle he was made a colonel in 1762. He next served in Poland, dispersed the Polish forces under Pulawski, stormed Cracow (1768) and was made a major-general. In his first campaigns against the Turks in 1773–74, and particularly in the battle of Kosludscki in the latter year, he laid the foundations of his reputation. In 1775 he suppressed the rebellion of Pugachev, who was decapitated at Moscow. From 1777–1783 he served in the Crimea and the Caucasus, becoming a lieutenant-general in 1780, and general of infantry in 1783, on the conclusion of his work there. From 1787 to 1791 he was again fighting the Turks and won many victories; he was wounded at Kinburn (1787), took part in the siege of Ochakov, and in 1788 won two great victories at Focsani and on the Rimnik. For the latter victory, in which an Austrian corps under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg participated, Catherine II. made him a count with the name Rimniksky in addition to his own name, and the emperor Joseph II. created him a count of the Holy Roman Empire. On the 22nd of December 1790 Suvarov stormed Ismail in Bessarabia, and the sack and the massacre that followed the capture equals in horror such events as the
“Spanish Fury” and the fall of Magdeburg. He was next placed at the head of the army which subdued the Poles, and repeated the triumph, and some of the cruelties, of Ismail at Warsaw. He was now made a field marshal, and was retained in Poland till 1795, when he returned to St Petersburg. But his sovereign and friend Catherine died in 1796, and her successor Paul dismissed the veteran in disgrace. Suvarov then lived for some years in retirement on his estate of Konchauskoy, near Moscow. He criticized the new military tactics and dress introduced by the emperor, and some of his caustic verse reached the ears of Paul. His conduct was therefore watched and his correspondence with his wife, who had remained at Moscow—for his marriage relations had not been happy — was tampered with. On Sundays he tolled the bell for church and
sang among the rustics in the village choir. On week days he worked among them in a smock frock. But in February 1799 he was summoned by the tsar to take the field again, this time against the French Revolutionary armies in Italy.
The campaign (see French Revolutionary Wars) opened with a series of victories (Cassano, Trebbia, Novi) which reduced the French government to desperate straits and drove every French soldier from Italy, save for the handful under Moreau, which maintained a foothold in the Maritime Alps and around Genoa. Suvarov himself was made a prince. But the later events of the eventful year went uniformly against the allies. Suvarov’s lieutenant Korsakov was defeated by Masséna at Zurich, and the old field marshal, seeking to make his way over the Swiss passes to the Upper Rhine, had to retreat to the Vorarlberg, where the army, much shattered and almost destitute of horses and artillery, went into winter quarters. Early in 1800 Suvarov returned to St Petersburg in disgrace. Paul refused to give him an audience, and, worn out and ill, he died a few days afterwards on the 18th of May 1800 at St Petersburg. Lord Whitworth, the English ambassador, was the only person of distinction present at the funeral. Suvarov lies buried in the church of the Annunciation in the Alexandro-Nevskii monastery, the simple inscription on his grave being, according to his own direction, “Here lies Suvarov.” But within a year of his death the tsar Alexander I. erected a statue to his memory in the Field of Mars, St Petersburg.
His son Arkadi (1783–1811) was a general officer in the
