TEMPLE BAR, an historic site in London, England. In more than one of the main roads converging upon the city of London a bar or chain marked the extra-mural jurisdiction of the Corporation. Temple Bar stood at the junction of the present Strand and Fleet Street, over against the Law Courts. A bar is first mentioned here in 1301, but the name is most familiar in its application to the gateway designed by Sir Christopher Wren, which replaced an older structure on this spot in 1672. This was removed in 1878, and set up in 1888 at the entrance to Theobalds Park near Cheshunt, Hertfordshire. A pedestal surmounted by a dragon or “griffin” marks the old site. When the sovereign is about to enter the city in state, whether by Temple Bar or elsewhere, the Lord Mayor, in accordance with ancient custom, presents the sword of the city to him, and he at once returns it. Formerly the bar or gate was closed against the sovereign until this ceremony was carried out.
TEMRYUK, a seaport of Russia, in northern Caucasia, and in the government of Kuban, on the Sea of Azov, 81 m. W.N.W. of Ekaterinodar. Pop. (1897) 14,476. Here was a Turkish fortress, Abas, till 1774. The place is now a growing seaport for the export of grain, and has many flour-mills.
TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold), one who holds real property by some form of title from a landlord. For the forms of tenancy, &c., see Landlord and Tenant.
TENANT-RIGHT, in law, a term expressing the right which a tenant has, either by custom or by law, against his landlord for compensation for improvements at the determination of his tenancy. In England it is governed for the most part by the Agricultural Holdings Acts and the Allotments and Small Holdings Acts (see Landlord and Tenant). In Ireland, tenant-right was a custom, prevailing particularly in Ulster, by which the tenant acquired a right not to have his rent raised arbitrarily at the expiration of his term. This resulted in Ulster in considerable fixity of tenure and, in case of a desire on the part of the tenant to sell his farm, made the tenant-right of considerable capital value, amounting often to many years rent.
TENASSERIM, a division of Lower Burma, bordering on Siam. Area, 36,076 sq. m. Pop. (1901) 1,159,558, including 38,269 Christians, the great majority of whom are Karens. The headquarters of the commissioner are at Moulmein. It is divided into six districts: Toungoo, Salween, Thatôn, Amherst, Tavoy and Mergui. It formed the tract south of Pegu conquered from Burma in 1826, which was for many years known as the Tenasserim province. The southern extremity of the division approaches the insular region of Malaysia, and it is fringed along its entire western coast by a number of islands, forming in the north the Moscos and in the south the Mergui Archipelago. The eastern frontier is formed by a mountain range 5000 ft. high, which acts as a water-parting between the Tenasserim and the Siamese river systems.
TEN BRINK, BERNHARD EGIDIUS KONRAD (1841–1892), German philologist, of Dutch origin, was born at Amsterdam on the 12th of January 1841, but was sent to school at Düsseldorf, and afterwards studied at Münster, and later under Diez and Delius at Bonn. In 1866 he began to lecture at the Münster Academy on the philology of the English and Romance languages. In 1870 he became professor of modern languages at Marburg, and after the reconstitution of Strassburg University was appointed professor of English there in 1873. In 1874 he began to edit, in conjunction with W. Scherer, E. Martin and E. Schmidt, Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprache und Kulturgeschichte der germanischen Völker. He devoted himself for many years to the study of Chaucer. In 1877 he published Chaucer: Studien zur Geschichte seiner Entwickelung und zur Chronologie seiner Schriften; in 1884, Chaucers Sprache und Verskunst. He also published critical editions of the Prologue and the Compleynte to Pité. Ten Brink’s work in this direction stimulated a revival of Chaucer study in the United Kingdom as well as in Germany, and to him was indirectly due the foundation of the English Chaucer Society. His Beowulf-Untersuchungen (1888) proved a hardly less valuable contribution to the study of Early English literature. His best known work is his Geschichte der englischen Literatur (1889–93), (English by H. Kennedy in Bohn’s Standard Library), which was unfortunately never completed, and broke off just before the Elizabethan period. It was his intense admiration of Shakespeare that first attracted him to the study of English, and five lectures on Shakespeare delivered at Frankfort were published after his death (1893). Ten Brink died at Strassburg on the 29th of January 1892. He was a great teacher as well as an accurate and brilliant writer, and from many countries students flocked to his lecture-room.
TENBURY, a market town in the Bewdley parliamentary division of Worcestershire, England, on the Kidderminster-Wooferton branch of the Great Western railway, 153 m. W.N.W. of London. Pop. (1901) 2080. It is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Teme, here the boundary with Shropshire. The town has a spa, whose waters are efficacious in rheumatic affections and diseases of the skin. The church of St Mary the Virgin has Norman remains in the tower and chancel. The district produces hops and fruit, and there is trade in cider. The Teme abounds in trout and grayling, and Tenbury is in favour with anglers. At Old Wood, 2 m. S.W. of Tenbury, are St Michael's church and college (1858), founded and partially endowed by the Rev. Sir Frederick Gore Ouseley, in which the ordinary preparatory education of boys is combined with a school for choristers and instruction in ecclesiastical music.
TENBY, a market town, seaside resort, a municipal and contributory parliamentary borough of Pembrokeshire, Wales, finely situated on a long narrow promontory of limestone rock washed on three sides by the sea on the west shore of Carmarthen Bay. Pop. (1901) 4400. Tenby is a station on the Whitland-Pembroke Dock branch of the South Wales system of the Great Western railway. Its chief attractions as a watering-place are its picturesque appearance and surroundings, its extensive antiquarian remains, its mild climate and its two excellent beaches known as the North and South Sands. The ancient town walls survive almost intact on the north and west sides, and retain the fine St George's gateway, locally called the “Five Arches.” These walls, which were largely rebuilt by Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke, during the Wars of the Roses, were again repaired under Elizabeth during the alarm of the Spanish invasion, as is shown by a contemporary tablet bearing the queen's cipher and the date 1588. The inconsiderable ruins of the castle, presenting a portion of the keep and outer walls, occupy a rocky peninsula to the S.E. of the town known as the Castle Hill, which also contains the Welsh national monument to Albert, prince consort, an immense statue and pedestal of white marble erected in 1865. Upon the Castle Hill is a small museum, containing some antiquities and good collections of the local flora and marine fauna, for which last Tenby has long been celebrated. Opposite the Castle Hill, about 100 yds. distant, but only accessible to foot passengers at low tide, is St Catherine's Rock with a fort constructed in 1865. Facing the Esplanade and South Sands, about 2½ m. from the shore, stretches Caldy Island, 1 m. in length and ⅔rd m. in breadth, with a population of seventy persons and containing a ruined priory, which was a subsidiary house to St Dogmell's Abbey. To the west, between Caldy Island and Giltar Point on the mainland, lies St Margaret's Rock. The parish church of St Mary, situated at the northern end of Tudor Square, the principal open space in the town, is one of the largest churches in South Wales, and exhibits all varieties of architecture from the 12th to the 16th centuries. Its massive tower, crowned with a spire, is 152 ft. high, and forms a prominent object in all views of the town. The handsome interior is remarkably rich in early tombs and monuments, the most important of them being the elaborate altar-tomb of John and Thomas White (c. 1482), members of an opulent family of merchants long seated in Tenby. In the adjoining churchyard are some remains of the Carmelite friary founded by John de Swynemore in 1399. The harbour on the northern beach is protected by an ancient stone pier, and in 1895 an iron pier was erected below
