Page:EB1911 - Volume 28.djvu/512

Stunden	Switzerland............	4·8 kilometres. Stunder = 5 stunden, or 24 kilometres.
Sultchek.............	Turkey.................	Cubic measure (1881) whose sides equal a parmak (decimetre).
Sung.................	Corea..................	4 ℔ av., nearly.
Tael.................	Siam...................	9363/4 grains.
	Hong Kong..............	11/3 oz. av.
	China..................	Silver weight, 1·25 oz. av.
	Japan..................	10 momme.
	(No current coin of the tael.)
Tahil................	Straits Settlements	11/3 oz. av. = 10 chee = 100 Hoon.
Tam..................	Hong Kong..............	1331/3 ℔ av.
Tan..................	China..................	=25 gallons. Also 133·5 ℔ weight.
Tang.................	Burma..................	2 miles, nearly.
Tang-sun.............	China..................	About 3+1/2 miles = 10 li.
Tank.................	Bombay.................	171/72 grains, or 72 tanks = 30 pice.
Tcharka..............	Russia.................	0·866 gill = 0·218 pint.
Tchetverte...........	Russia.................	5·772 bushels = 8 tchetveriks, or 2·099 hectolitres.
Teng.................	Burma..................	Burmese measures of capacity depend on the teng or basket. Officially a basket is 2218·2 cubic inches, but the teng varies locally: —
		Akyab = 23 ℔ of rice.
		Bassein = 51 ℔ of rice.
		Moulmein = 48 ℔ of rice.
		Rangoon = 48 to 50 ℔ of rice.
Thanan...............	Siam...................	1·5 pint.
Thangat..............	Siam...................	4·688 gallons.
To...................	Japan..................	18·0391 litres =3·9703 galls. = 1·98 pecks.
Toise................	France.................	2·1315 yards.
Tola.................	India..................	180 grains. Legal weight of rupee.
Tomand...............	Arabia.................	187·17 ℔, av. of rice.
Ton .................	U. States..............	2240 ℔ av., also a net ton of 2000 ℔.
Tönde................	Denmark................	131·392 litres (liquid measure).
		139·121 litres (dry measure).
Tonne, or Millier....	France.................	1000 kilogrammes
	Germany................	1000 kgs.
Tonne (metric).....	.........................	1000 kgs = 0·9842 ton
Tonnelada............	Portugal...............	793·15 kilogrammes.
Tonos................	Greece.................	29·526 cwt.
Tou..................	China..................	18 pints approximately.
Tovar................	Bulgaria...............	128·2 kilogrammes.
T'sun................	China..................	1·41 inch (Treaty measure).
Tu...................	China..................	100·142 miles=25 li, based on the ch'ih of 14·1 inches.
Vara.................	Peru...................	33 inches.
	Spain..................	2·782 feet.
	Argentina..............	2·841 feet.
	Portugal...............	1·11 metre.
Vat..................	Holland................	1 hectolitre.
Vedro................	Russia.................	2·7056 gallons = 10 schtoffs, or 12·3 litres.
	Bulgaria...............	2·8 litres.
Verchok.............	Russia................	1·75 inch.
Versta, or Verst.....	Russia.................	0·66288 mile.
Vierkanteroede.......	Holland................	1 metric are.
Viertel..............	Denmark................	1·7 gallon.
	Switzerland............	15 litres.
Viss.................	Rangoon................	391/140 ℔ av.
Wa...................	Siam...................	80 inches.
Wigtje..............	Netherlands............	1 gramme.
Wisse................	Netherlands............	1 metric stere.
Yard.................	U. States..............	36 inches.
	Mexico.................	838 centimetres.
Zac..................	Netherlands............	1 hectolitre.
Zer (Persia). See Guz.
Zoll.................	Switzerland...........	31/3 zoll = 1 decimetre. Old zoll nearly one inch. (See also Pfund.)
Zolotnik.............	Russia.................	65·8306 grains, or 96 doli.

 (H.J.C.) 

WEIGHT-THROWING the athletic sport of hurling heavy weights either for distance of height. Lifting and throwing weights and different kinds have always been popular in Great Britain, especially Scotland and Ireland, and on the continent of Europe, particularly in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria-Hungary. No for of throwing weights is included in the British athletic champion programme, although “putting the shot” (q.v.) and “hammer throwing” (q.v.) are recognized championship events. In America throwing 56-℔ weights for distance belongs to the championship programme. It was once a common event in Great Britain at all important athletic meetings, the ordinary slightly conical half hundredweight being used and thrown by the ring attached to the top, the ring, however, was awkward to grin, and a trilingual handle was afterwards substituted. In America the 56-℔ weigh is a ball of iron or lead with a triangular or pear-shaped handle. The weight used to be thrown standing. but since 1888 it has been thrown from a 7-ft circle with a raised edge, like that used for the hammer and shot in America.

In throwing the athlete stands slightly stooping with his feet about 18 inches apart and grasping the handle with both hands opposite his thighs. The weight is swung round and back past the right leg as far as possible then up over and round the head and in the hammer throw. One complete swing round the head is usually enough as too much momentum is apt to throw the athlete off his balance. The weight is then swung round together with the whole body as rapidly as possible as in hammer throwing. The athlete works himself to the front of the circle just before the moment of delivery and begins the final heave with his back towards the direction in which he wishes to throw the weight. This heave is accomplished by completing the final spin of the body giving the legs, back and arms a vigorous upward movement and the same time, and following the weight through the uplifted arms as it leaves the hands, but taking care not to overstep the circle. With on hand a smoother swing can be made but much less power applied. In throwing for height the athlete stands beside the high-jump uprights and casts the weight over the cross piece, making the swing and spin in a more vertical direction with a heave upwards at the moment of delivery Throwing for height and with one hand were formerly event in the American championship programme, but have been discontinued. The record for throwing the 56-℔ weight for height is 15 ft. 63/8 in. made by the American-Irishman J. S. Mitchell. The record or distance, 38 ft. 8 in. was made in 1907 by the American-Irishman John Flanagan. In throwing weights large and heavy men have an advantage over small, brute strength being the chief requisite, while a heavy body makes a better fulcrum while revolving than a light one.

WEI-HAI-WEI, a British naval and coaling station, on the N.E. coast of the Shan-tung peninsula, China, about 40 m. E. of the treaty port of Chi-fu and 115 m. from Port Arthur. It was formerly a Chinese naval station strongly fortified, but was captured by the Japanese in February 1895, and occupied by their troops until May 1898, pending the payment of the indemnity. Port Arthur having in the spring of that year been acquired by the Russian government under a lease from China, a similar lease was granted of Wei-hai-wei to the British government, and on the withdrawal of the Japanese troops the British fleet took possession, the flag being hoisted on the 24th of May 1898. No period was fixed for the termination of the lease, but it was stipulated that it should continue so long as Russia continued to hold Port Arthur. The lease of Port Arthur having been ceded to Japan in September 1905, the British lease of Wei-hai-wei was made to run for as long as Japan held Port Arthur.

The harbour is formed by an island named Liu-kung-tao running east and west across the mouth of a small bay, leaving an entrance at each end. Towards the mainland the water shoals, and the best anchorage is under the lee of the island. The native city is walled, and has a population of about 2000. The chief port is named Port Edward; it has good anchorage with a depth of 45 ft. of water. The leased area comprises, besides the harbour and island, a belt of the mainland, 10 English miles wide, skirting the whole length of the bay. The coast line of the bay is some 10 m., and the area thus leased extends to 285 sq. m. Within this area Great Britain has exclusive jurisdiction, and is represented by a commissioner under the colonial office; and has, besides, the right to erect fortifications, station troops and take any other measures necessary for defensive purposes at any points on or near the coast in that part of the peninsula east of 121° 40′ E. Within that zone, which covers 1505 sq. m., Chinese administration is not interfered with, but no troops other than Chinese and British are allowed there. The territory consists of rugged hills rising to 1600 ft. and well-cultivated valleys. The hills also, as far as possible,