NIGERIA
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of a lieutenant-governor. The provinces forming each group are as follows: Northern Bauchi, Bornu, Ilorin, Kano, Kontagora, Munshi, Muri, Nassarawa, Nupe, Sokoto, Yola and Zaria; Southern Abeokuta, Benin, Calabar, Ijebbu, Ogoja, Ondo,
Onitsha, Owerri, Oyo, Warri and Cameroon. The last named
of these provinces (see CAMEROON) comprises the southern
portion of the mandated ex-German territory, the more northern
districts of which are incorporated, for administrative purposes,
with the provinces of Yola and Bornu respectively, of which they
form natural and political parts. The accounts of all the mandated
area are kept separately from those of the rest of Nigeria, but an
annual grant-in-aid from the Government of Nigeria (67,000
in 1921) is required in order to square its budget. Each lieuten-
ant-governor is provided with a secretariat, and under the orig-
inal scheme separate departments were maintained in each group
of provinces wherever this was possible. A later development
has led to the establishment of single government departments
for the whole of Nigeria, the Education and Science Departments,
and the police forces of the Northern and Southern Provinces
respectively, alone remaining separate. Each lieutenant-governor
is directly responsible to the governor for the administration
of the group of provinces under his charge; and each province is
administered by a Resident who, in his turn, is directly responsi-
ble to the lieutenant-governor under whom he serves. Under the
original scheme, a small central secretariat was created to assist
the governor in dealing with the various departments e.g. the
Treasury, the Railway, etc. which were common to the whole
of Nigeria; but the system whereby three wholly unconnected
secretariats dealt independently with questions requiring the consideration of the governor was not found to work well, and as from Jan. i 1921, a Nigerian secretariat was established through which all work submitted to the governor now passes. This office is presided over by a Chief Secretary to Government, who acts for the governor when the latter is absent on leave; and in this department all work of a political character is dealt with by a Secretary for Native Affairs. Mr. C. L. Temple was appointed lieutenant-governor of the Northern Provinces on Jan. i 1914. He was succeeded in 1917 by Mr. H. S. Goldsmith, who, on his retirement in June 1921, was succeeded by Mr. W. F. Gowers. Mr. (afterwards Sir) Alexander Boyle was lieutenant-governor of the Southern Provinces from Jan. i 1914, until his retirement in 1920, when he was succeeded by Lt.-Col. Moorhouse. Sir Frederick Lugard held the post of governor-general from Jan. 1914 until his retirement in June 1919, when he was succeeded by Sir Hugh Clifford, the governor of the Gold Coast, as governor of Nigeria. Mr. D. C. Cameron, who has held the post of Central Secretary since the inauguration of the amalgamation, was appointed Chief Secretary to Government on Jan. i 1921, with precedence over both the lieutenant-governors.
Administration. The system of administration in force in the Northern Provinces is one of indirect rule, the Native Administrations in the Mahommedan emirates, which were in existence at the time of the conquest, having been maintained intact. Each emirate, however, has been divided up for administration purposes into a number of districts, each of which is under the immediate charge of a district head, who is responsible to the emir. Justice is administered by the Mahommedan courts, an Alkali, as he is locally called,
