university library in 1920 was over 2,000,000. The number of students at Radcliffe College (for women) in 1920-1 was 652.
(C. H. M.)
HARVEY, GEORGE (1864- ), American editor and diplo- mat, was born at Peacham, Vt., Feb. 16 1864, and was educated at the Peacham academy. At the age of 18 he became a reporter on the Springfield (Mass.) Republican and later on the New York World. In 1885 he was appointed by Gov. Green of New Jersey as aide-de-camp on his staff, and was reappointed by Gov. Abbett. The latter also made him insurance commissioner of New Jersey in 1890. During 1891-4 he was managing editor of the New York World. Then for several years he was engaged in the construction of electric railways and in 1898 organized a syndicate which se- cured possession of the lines in Havana, Cuba. The following year he purchased The North American Review, which he there- after edited for several years. During 1900-15 he was president of the publishing house of Harper & Bros., and during 1902-13 was editor of Harper's Weekly. In 1903 he purchased the Metro- politan Magazine. He was said to have been the first to suggest (in 1906) Woodrow Wilson, then president of Princeton, as a presidential possibility. In the campaign of 1912 he gave Wilson strong support; but after the latter's nomination an estrangement developed, due, as it was generally understood, to the fact that Wilson intimated that his cause was being jeopardized by Harvey's ofticiousness. In 1916 Harvey urged the election of Charles E. Hughes, the Republican candidate for president. He was strong- ly opposed to the League of Nations on the ground that it in- volved the yielding of national sovereignty. In 1918 he estab- lished The North American Review's War Weekly, later called Harvey's Weekly, which bitterly denounced the Wilson adminis- tration. He was present at the Republican National Convention of 1920, but not as a delegate, and was influential in the nomina- tion of Senator Harding. In 1921 he was appointed ambassador to England by President Harding.
He was the author of The Power of Tolerance, and Other Speeches (1911).
HARVEY, SIR JOHN MARTIN (1867- ), English actor, was born at Wyvenhoe in Essex June 22 1867, and was educated at King's College school, London. He was intended for a naval architect, but took to the stage, and appeared first in 1881 at the age of fourteen in a boy's part at the Court theatre, London. Next year he was engaged by Irving at the Lyceum and remained in his company for fourteen years, playing minor parts in London but leading parts during summer tours. In 1898 he played Pelleas in Maeterlinck's Pclleas and Melisande, and in 1899 he entered into management with The Only Way, an adaptation of Dickens's Tale of Two Cities, in which he scored a great success. Other successes were in A Cigarette-Maker's Romance and The Breed of the Treshams. In later years he was active in promoting the production of Shakespearean plays, both in London and in the provinces, playing the leading parts himself, and he was the King in Reinhardt's production of (Edipus Rex at Covent Garden Jan. 1912. He married Angelita Helena de Silva, herself an actress and exponent of Shakespearean heroines. He was knighted Jan. i 1921. During the World War Sir John Martin Harvey delivered a large number of recruiting lectures on Sunday evenings in leading theatres throughout the United Kingdom, beginning in Sept. 1914. By collections made there and else- where, by himself and Lady Harvey, he raised sums for the Brit- ish Red Cross, and for wounded soldiers, nurses and other suffer- ers by the war, amounting in all to about 25,000.
HAUCK, ALBERT (1845- ), German theologian, was born at Hassertriidingen, M.-Franken, Dec. 9 1845, and was educated at the gymnasium at Ansbach and later (1864-8) at the univer- sities of Erlangen and Berlin. He took orders, and from 1875-8 was pastor at Frankenheim. In 1882 he became professor of theology at Erlangen, and in 1889 proceeded to Leipzig, where he was professor until 1898, and then for a year rector of the university. His published work includes Tertullian's Leben und Schreiben (1877) and the Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands (5 vols., 1887-1911).
HAUPTMANN, GERHART (1862- ), German dramatist (see 13.68), hardly added to his reputation as a dramatist after 1909. He produced Kaiser Karls Geisel (1908); Griselda (1909); Die Ratten (1910), the latter in his earlier realistic manner; Gabriel Schillings Flucht (1912); Der Bogen des Odysseus (1914) and Winterballade (1917). His novels include Emanuel Quint (1911), Atlantis (1912) and Der Ketzer von Soana (1918). A complete edition of Hauptmann's works was published in Berlin in six volumes (1912).
See C. Holl, Gerhart Hauptmann, etc., (1913); W. Bonsels, Das junge DeutscUand und der grosse Krieg, aus Anlass des Briefwechsels Romain Rollands mil G. Hauptmann iiber den Krieg und die Kultur (1914) ; A. Esprey, G. Hauptmann und wir Deutschen (1916) ; P. A. W. Gaude, Das Odysseusthema bei Hattptmann (1916); J. H. Marschan, Das Mitleid bei G. Hauptmann (with bibliography, 1919).
His elder brother, CARL HAUPTMANN (1858-1921), also an author, was born at Ober-Salzbrunn, Silesia, May n 1858. He was educated at the Realschule, Breslau, and at the university of Jena, where he studied physical science and philosophy under Haeckel. He was afterwards a pupil of Avenarius and Forel at Zurich, and his first published work, Die Metaphysik in der modernen Physiologie (1893), shows their influence. He returned to Silesia about 1890 and devoted himself thenceforward to literature, publishing a very large number of dramas, poems, novels and tales of peasant life in the Riesengebirge. Amongst his novels may be mentioned Mathilde (1902) and Einhart der Ladder (1907), and amongst his dramas Ephraim Breile (1898), Die Bergschmiede (1901) and Napoleon (in two parts, 1906). He died in Berlin Feb. 3 1921.
See Carl Hauptmann, by Hans Heinrich Borcherdt (1911).
HAVANA, Cuba (see 13.76). The pop. of Havana, according to the census of 1919, was 360,517, an increase of more than 20% over that of 12 years earlier. During the 10 years previous to 1918, 295,320 immigrants reached Cuba through the port of Havana. Within recent years the city has undergone a radical change. Modern pavements, scientific sanitation and 20th- century discipline of every sort have helped to make it a thriving, healthful, vigorous city in keeping with its commercial and in- dustrial importance. Motor-cars swarm the streets, which are greatly congested, especially in the older section where they are very narrow. This condition will be relieved, it is hoped, by the construction of a subway, plans for which were prepared early in 1921. The estimated cost was about $10,000,000.
The police corps of Havana was said to be one of the most efficient organizations of the republic. The fire department was also well organized and the most modern fire-fighting apparatus had been re- cently installed. In keeping with the general prosperity of the island, a great deal of building went on in Havana of fine private residences, luxurious club-houses and modern hotels, the last to care for the large number of American tourists. The most noteworthy public building completed in recent years was the new presidential palace, built at a cost of nearly $5,000,000, and opened Jan. 31 1920. Situated most impressively on the Avenida de las Palmas, it is said to be one of the handsomest palaces built in modern times. Among the noteworthy developments in educational lines was the establishment in Havana in 1920 of a Spanish-American branch of the College of Business Administration of Boston University. The university of Havana had nearly 1,600 students in 1919, an increase of about 170% over the enrolment 12 years before.
Havana is the chief centre of trade for the island and nearly all important commercial companies and banks have their main offices located there. More merchandise enters and leaves this port than any other on the western hemisphere except New York. At almost any time there can be seen in the harbour ships that represent nearly the entire world. About 75 % of the imports of Cuba are handled here, though a considerably smaller proportion of the exports, which are shipped from the many lesser ports near various producing centres. In 1919 the total customs receipts for the island were $44,403, 323, of which $33,733,915 were collected at Havana. In 1920 the receipts at Havana reached the record sum of $52,700,597, in comparison with $17,922,092 ten years before. Japan in 1919 established a direct line of steamships between Yokohama and Havana via the Panama Canal.
The All American Cables, Inc., obtained four permits in 1920 to land cables on the Cuban coast, two of which were to enter Havana, one from the United States and the other from Mexico or the Central American coast. A telephone cable between Havana and Key West has been completed, making possible telephone com- munication between Cuba and any part of the United States. Early tests proved conversation between New York and Havana to be as easy as between New York and Washington. Early in 1921 port conditions (see CUBA) were materially improved. (W. R. MA.)
