Further, objection was taken in the despatch to the application, as directed by the Colonial Office, of discrimination against Indians to the Uganda Protectorate, where Indians and Europeans had lived in full harmony. It was also pointed out that in the adjoining Tanganyika Territory, where Indians were protected by the Covenant of the League of Nations, Lord Milner's decision could not be applied (see Tanganyika Territory). In June 1921 Mr. Winston Churchill, who had become Colonial Secretary, laid down as a principle for application to the Crown colonies and with special reference to Kenya, that there should be no barrier of race, colour or creed which should prevent any man, by merit, from filling any station for which he was fit.
In 1919 negotiations were opened with Italy for the transfer to Italian Somaliland of the right bank of the river Juba and of the port of Kismayu (see Africa: History).
See Lord Cranworth, A Colony in the Making (1912) and Profit and Sport in British East Africa (1919); C. H. Stigand, The Land of Zinj (1913); A. S. and G. G. Brown, The South and East Africa Year Book and Guide; T. J. O'Shea (editor), Farming and Planting in B. E. Africa (1917); G. D. Hale Carpenter, A Naturalist on Lake Victoria (1920); Guy Babault, Chasses et recherches zoologiques en Afrique Oriental Anglaise (1917); and Voyage de M. Guy Babault . . . Resultats scientifiques (1916–20). An annual report on the administration, etc., is published by the Colonial Office, London, and a special report by J. Parkinson on the geology and geography of the northern part of the country (Colonial Reports, Miscellaneous, No. 91) appeared in 1920. See also the reports on the Uganda railway (Nairobi, yearly) and the British Parliamentary Paper, “Correspondence regarding the position of Indians in East Africa” (1921). (F. R. C.)
KENYON, SIR FREDERIC GEORGE (1863–), English classical scholar and librarian, was born in London Jan. 15 1863, the son of John Kenyon, Vinerian professor of law at Oxford. He was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, and in 1888 was elected to a fellowship at Magdalen College. In 1889 he became an assistant in the British Museum, and in 1898 was chosen assistant keeper of MSS. there, being in 1909 appointed director and principal librarian of the Museum. In 1912 he was created K.C.B., and in 1913 was president of the Classical Association. During the World War he served with the army (1914–9), and in 1918 became adviser to the Imperial War Graves Commission. In 1917 he became president of the British Academy, in 1918 professor of ancient history in the Royal Academy, and in 1919 president of the Society for Hellenic Studies.
His published works include editions of Aristotle's Constitution of Athens (1891, 1904, 1920) with translations of the same (1891, 1920); Classical Texts from Papyri in the British Museum (1891); Catalogue of Greek Papyri in the British Museum (1893, 1898, 1907); Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts (1895); Palaeography of Greek Papyri (1899); and Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (1901, new ed. 1912). He has also produced various editions of the works of the Brownings, including the Letters (1897) and Poems (1897) of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. He was editor of the centenary edition of Robert Browning's works (1912) and produced in 1914 New Poems of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In 1914 he published an account of the buildings of the British Museum.
KEOGH, SIR ALFRED (1857–), British physician and surgeon, was born in Dublin July 3 1857, and was educated at Guy's hospital and Queen's University, where he took his degree in 1878. In 1880 he entered the R.A.M.C. He served throughout the South African War. He was director of the R.A.M.C. from 1904 to 1910, and again throughout the World War,—his work in this capacity during 1914–8 proving him to be a most efficient administrator. He was made a K.C.B. in 1906, G.C.B. in 1917 and G.C.V.O. in 1918.
KER, WILLIAM PATON (1855–), British man of letters, was born at Glasgow Aug. 30 1855. Educated at Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford, he became professor of English literature and history at Cardiff in 1883 and professor of English literature at University College, London, in 1889. In 1920 he was elected professor of poetry at Oxford. He made a special study of mediaeval literature, and amongst his publications are Epic and Romance (1897); The Dark Ages (1904); Essays on Mediaeval Literature (1905); Sturla the Historian (1907). An inspiring teacher, his pupils included many of the ablest littérateurs of the younger generation.
KERATRY, (COMTE) EMILE DE (1832–1904), French author and politician (see 15.753), died in Paris April 7 1904.
KERENSKY, ALEXANDER FEODOROVICH (1881–), Russian politician, was born in 1881, the son of the principal of a high school in Saratoff. He studied at the university of St. Petersburg, took part in students' disturbances there and was expelled, but was readmitted and eventually took his degree in law. He joined the St. Petersburg bar and practised for some years as a junior and as leader, often appearing in cases concerning abuses of the administration. When troubles broke out in Turkestan and were supported by military force, Kerensky went to the affected districts and published a scathing indictment of the policy of the Government in Central Asia. In 1912 he was elected to the Fourth Duma and joined the Group of Toil : he was in reality an adherent of the Social Revolutionary party, but as it was impossible in those days to enter the Duma under this flag he chose the Group of Toil in preference to the Social Democrats, whom he considered to be too pedantic and distant from the people. As a member of the Duma he attained a certain notoriety by impassioned speeches and appeals for root-and-branch reform, but he was never conspicuous for steady work or constructive statesmanship. When the first Revolutionary Government was formed people were astonished to hear that Kerensky had been nominated Minister of Justice. The explanation was that he served as a link between the new Government and the Soviet of Workmen and Soldiers. His career as member and head of the Provisional Government is described in the article Russia. He may be said to have played in Russia to some extent the part played by Lamartine in the French Revolution of 1848.
KIAMIL PASHA (1833–1913), Turkish statesman, was born at Nikosia, Cyprus, in 1833 and studied at the military school at Alexandria. In early life he held various offices in Cyprus, and in 1876 was governor of the vilayet of Kosovo. Between 1878 and 1885 he was successively Minister of the Interior, Evkaf (pious foundations), Instruction, and Justice, and in the latter year was appointed Grand Vizier by ‛Abdul Hamid, which post he held until 1891. In 1895 he again became Grand Vizier but, after a short period, was dismissed as a too ardent reformer and was made governor, first of Aleppo and then of Smyrna. In 1907 he was removed from Smyrna and banished to Rhodes. After the Turkish Revolution in 1908, he succeeded Said Pasha as the first Grand Vizier under the regime of the Committee of Union and Progress but, refusing to submit to its dictation, he resigned in 1909. He again became Grand Vizier in 1912, but was driven from office by the Young Turk coup d'etat, and retired to Cyprus, where he died Nov. 14 1913.
KIDD, BENJAMIN (1858–1916), British sociologist, was born Sept. 9 1858. He entered the civil service, becoming a clerk in the Inland Revenue office. During 1898 he travelled extensively in the United States and Canada for the purpose of economic study, arid in 1902 he visited S. Africa for the same reason. In 1904 he published Social Evolution, the work by which he is best known. It was widely read and was translated into most European languages as well as into Chinese. His later publications included The Control of the Tropics (1898) and Principles of Western Civilization (1902). He died at Croydon Oct. 2 1916.
KIDERLEN-WÄCHTER, ALFRED VON (1852–1912), German diplomatist, was born at Stallgast July 10 1852, and was the son of a banker, Robert Kiderlen, who had married Baroness Marie von Wachter. He fought as a volunteer in the Franco-German War (1870–1) and then studied at different universities, retaining throughout his subsequent career a good deal of the jovial (burschikos) manner of a German student. In 1879 he entered the German Foreign Office, where he was regarded as one of the most promising members of the small clique that gathered round the celebrated and much over-rated Herr von Holstein. After holding various diplomatic posts, among them that of Prussian minister to Hamburg, he was sent to Bucharest in 1900 and remained there for 10 years, when he was recalled to occupy the post of Foreign Secretary under the somewhat inexperienced Chancellor, Herr von Bethmann Hollweg. He was soon in the thick of the negotiations with France (1911) which arose over
