This would be written by the receiving operator as follows:—
The President of the United States will address Congress this afternoon on the Philippine Question.
Many other schemes are used to save time and cost.
Fig. 12.—Terminal Circuit for Carrier Telegraph Channel.
General Bibliography. H. H. Harrison, The Historical Basis of Modern Printing Telegraphy (1915); A. C. Booth, Machine Telegraphy (1914); H. H. Harrison, The Story of the Keyboard Perforators (1917); Maj. O'Meara, The Various Systems of Multiple Telegraphy (1911); J. H. Bell, “Printing Telegraph Systems,” American I. E. E. (Feb. 1920); H. H. Harrison, “The Principles of Modern Printing Telegraphy,” Inst. E. E. (1915); D. Murray, “Press-the-Button-Telegraphy,” Telegraph and Telephone Journal (Nov. 1914-July 1915); E. H. Colpitts and O. B. Blackwell, “Carrier Current Telephony and Telegraphy,” American I. E. E. (Feb. 1921).
Miles of Telegraph Wire of the World—January 1 1910, 1914 and 1920
(Some of the figures for the most part those for small places not shown separately—are necessarily in part estimated.)
| Single Wire | |||
| Jan. 1 1910 | Jan. 1 1914 | Jan. 1 1920 | |
| Great Britain | 311,942 | 313,166 | 318,759 |
| Denmark | 8,048 | 8,191 | 8,500 |
| France | 379,888 | 381,000 | 715,468 |
| Germany | 388,412 | 459,811 | 486,714 |
| Italy | 126,505 | 129,500 | 208,210 |
| Norway | 13,120 | 13,211 | 16,195 |
| Sweden | 40,171 | 42,194 | 53,300 |
| Switzerland | 16,336 | 16,476 | 19,085 |
| Other countries in Europe | 826,730 | 929,072 | 930,000 |
| Total Europe | 2,111,152 | 2,292,621 | 2,756,231 |
| Japan | 97,300 | 106,946 | 127,000 |
| Other countries in Asia | 399,030 | 436,763 | 553,000 |
| Total Asia | 496,330 | 543,709 | 680,000 |
| Union of South Africa | 46,853 | 54,201 | 49,432 |
| Other countries in Africa | 110,000 | 122,159 | 140,000 |
| Total Africa | 156,853 | 176,360 | 189,432 |
| United States | 1,480,000 | 1,615,000 | 1,700,000 |
| Canada | 153,000 | 193,277 | 214,629 |
| Other countries in North America | 78,000 | 86,805 | 95,000 |
| Total North America | 1,711,000 | 1,895,082 | 2,009,629 |
| Total South America | 143,590 | 251,990 | 333,632 |
| Australia | 92,909 | 108,931 | 147,276 |
| New Zealand | 20,188 | 25,892 | 29,700 |
| Other countries in Oceania | 14,700 | 19,319 | 24,100 |
| Total Oceania | 127,797 | 154,142 | 201,076 |
| Total throughout world | 4,746,722 | 5,313,904 | 6,170,000 |
Note:—In the case of countries the boundaries of which have undergone change, the figures for each year represent the number of miles of telegraph wire within the boundaries of that year.
Telegraph wire used exclusively for railroad operation and not open to public use has been excluded wherever possible.
