Page:Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period.djvu/123

contrast to those which preceded them in Europe. Instead of the one or two living species of the Pleiocene age, there are many, and they preponderate greatly over the extinct, standing to them in the relation of fifty-five to twenty-two, out of a total of seventy-seven. They may be divided into groups, which throw great light on the climatal and geographical conditions under which man lived in Europe.^[1]

 

Survivals from Pleiocene Period.

The first group to be noted consists of survivals from the preceding age. One living species, now only found in Africa south of the Sahara, and seven extinct, survived the changes which caused the destruction of the rest of the Pleiocene mammals, as may be seen in the following list:—

Survivals from Pleiocene, Living Species=1.

1. African hippopotamus

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1. Hippopotamus amphibius.

Survivals from Pleiocene, Extinct Species=7.

1. Sabre-toothed lion

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1. Bear of Auvergne

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1. Big-nosed rhinoceros (Fig. 18)

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1. Etruskan rhinoceros

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1. Sedgwick's deer (Fig. 16)

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1. Deer of Polignac

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1. Southern elephant (Fig. 18)

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1. Machairodus latidens, Owen.

1. Ursus arvernensis.

1. Rhinoceros megarhinus, Christol.

1. R. etruscus, Falc.

1. Cervus dicranios, Nesti.

1. C. polignacus, Robert.

1. Elephas meridionalis, Nesti.

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1. In working out the ranges of the animals in this chapter, I have chiefly used works of the following authors:—Blackmore and Alston, "Arvicolidæ," Proceed. Zool. Soc., 1874, p. 460; Bell, British Quadrupeds, 8vo, 1837; Blasius, Fauna der Wirbelthiere Deutschlands, 8vo, 1857; Busk, Trans. Zool. Soc., x. Part II.; Clermont, Lord, Quadrupeds and Reptiles of Europe, 8vo; Dawkins and Sanford, "British Pleistocene Mammalia," Palæont. Soc., 1866; Desmarest, Mammalogie, 4to, Paris, 1820; Falconer, Palæontographical Memoirs, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868; Fischer, Synopsis