now restricted to cold mountainous regions, 100; incoming species now found in hot climates, 102; incoming extinct species, 104; Europe, showing range of northern and southern mammals (map). 111; mammalia, distribution of, regulated by climate, 113; period—animals, evidence from distribution of, as to European geography, 109; climate, evidence as to, 112; climate in the Alps, variation of, 120; mammalia, their relation to glacial phenomena, 121; their presence in Britain before, during, and after Glacial period, 123; (early) age, Great Britain in the, 124; forests in the, 125; mammalia inhabiting forests in, 126; forests in France, 131; evidence of existence of man in the strata of, doubtful, 133; (mid) mammalia, 134; table of, 135; man present in (mid), 136; (mid) physical relations of strata, lower brick-earths, Uphall, Ilford (fig. ), 138; caverns, 143; (late) mammalia, found in river strata and caverns in Britain, 147; geography, 148; geography of Britain in (map), 150; range of mammals over Britain and Ireland, 152; migration of mammalia, 153; (late) river- deposits, 154; man present in (late), 156; (late) strata at Fisherton (fig.), 161; (late) caves, 174; cave-man present in, 177, 230; age, of vast duration, 232; and Prehistoric periods, magnitude of interval between, 263; comparative duration of, 265; mammalia, seventeen species represented in Prehistoric period, 262.
Pliny, on relation of Aquitaine to Brittany, 320; on tin-stone and gold, 404; on the supposed derivation of word copper from Cyprus, 399.
Pliopithecus (ape), 58.
Plums, bullace, 302.
Plumed hatchet on roof of Dol-ar-Marchnant (fig.), 305.
Plutarch on the Ligures of Gaul, 330.
Pont Newydd cave; man present with hippopotamus in, 192.
Poppy, 293, 301.
Porcupine (Hystrix), 40; (dorsata), 102, 103.
Post-nummulitic group of Eocene strata, 15, 16; additions to Britain during, 17.
Pottery, of Neolithic age, 275; not used by Cave-men, 209; opinion of Dupont upon, 209; found in the cave of Kuhlock, 209; absence of, in French caves, 209; in Duruthy cave, 227; of Engis and Trou de Frontal, identical with Neolithic, 229; made by Neolithic inhabitants, 267; of Bronze age in France and Switzerland better than that of Britain, 389.
Prehistoric stage of the Tertiary period, characteristics of, 10; farmer and herdsman, arrival of, 246; geography of Britain in the, 248; period, definition of, 247; climate, 255; submerged forests, 248; mammalia in Britain and Ireland, 257; table of, 261, 262; mammalia, survivals from Pleistocene, 257; runaways, 261; domestic animals, 261, 262; periods belong to the Tertiary, 262; and Pleistocene, magnitude of interval between, 263; comparative duration of, 265; Iron age north of the Alps, 423- 445; definition, 423; introduction of iron into Europe, 423; in Britain, 426; arms and equipage, 426; personal ornaments, 428; burial customs, 429; art, 434; Etruskan influence, 436; influence of ancient Greece, 436; coins and commerce, 438; on the Continent north of the Alps, 439; in Scandinavia, 440.
Pre-nummulitic group of Eocene strata, 15, 16, 17.
Prestwich, on the Norwich Crags, 71; on the Mollusca of the British Pleiocene strata, 75; on age of river-deposits in Thames Valley, 142; on river- deposits, 154; relation of River-drift man to the glacial phenomenon, 170.
Primates in the upper Eocene forests of France, 34; in North America, 34.
Ptarmigan, 219.
Pyrenees during Meiocene age, 62.
Pyrus communis (pears), 302; malus (apples), 302.
Pytheas, voyage of, 477.
Q
Quadrumana, retreat of, from Europe, 90.
Quartzite hâche, Narbadá (fig.) 165; flake, Robin Hood Cave (fig.), 180; hâche (fig.), 181; oval implement (fig.), 181.
Quatrefages, on age of human skeletons, 242.
