The Makdmdt have been edited by Silvestre de Sacy, with a scleet Arabie commentary (Paris, 1822), and a new edition of this edition, with numerous French notes, was issued by MM. Reinaud and Derenbourg (Paris, 1853). An English translation of some select Assemblies” was made by Theodore Preston for the Oriental Translation Fund (London,1850), and an admirable translation of the first twenty-six assemblies by T. Chenery (London, 1867), con- taining an introduction and notes, and a resumé of all the litera- ture of the subject. Of the numerous imitations of the Makadmet of Hariri, the best known are the Afachberoth Ithiel, a Hebrew work by Yehudah ben Shelomoh al Kharizi, edited by T. Chenery (London, 1872), and the Afajma ‘al Bahrain (Contluence of the Two Seas), by Nasyf el Yaziji (Beyrout, 1853), an excellent work in Arabic, displaying an immense acyuaintanee with the ancient literature of the language.
(e. h. p.)
HARLEQUIN. See Pantomime.
HARLEY. See Oxford, Earl of.
HARLINGEN, or Haarlingen, in Frisian Harns, an important trading town and seaport in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, is situated 17 miles W. of Leeuwarden with which it has been connected by rail since 1863. Besides its dilapidated fortifications, and the town-house, which was erected between 1730 and 1733 and is adorned with a statue of the historian Simon Stijl, the only noteworthy buildings are the Great or New church, the West church, which was formerly part of the castle, the Roman Catholic church, and the Jewish synagogue. The school of navigation and school of design may also be mentioned. Harlingen is the seat of the Frisian Navigation Company, aud it has regular steam communication, not only with Amsterdam and Nieuwe Diep, but also with London and Hull. Besides an inner harbour protected from the high tides by powerful sluices, it has an outer harbour of modern construction for the accommodation of large vessels. One of the chief depart- ments of its trade is the export to England of Frisian pro- duce—corn, cattle, butter, cheese, and flax. Wharves, saw-mills, anchor forges, rope-yards, and a cauvas factory represent the auxiliary industries of the place. In the middle of the last century, Harlingen had 7000 inhebitants, which increased in the course of the next hundred years to about 8000. In 1860, before the new harbour works, they numbered 9800, and in 1878 they were 10,800.
Originally Harlingen was only a part of the village of Almenum, and lay at some distance inland, but the Zuyder Zee, which had already in 1134 destroyed an intervening town, made another in- road in 1566 and attained its present limits. The Spanish lieu- tenant Caspar Robles de Belly, whose monument, the ‘ Man of Stone,” now stands on the sea-dyke, took care to protect the site of the town by further embankments. In 1579 it was surrounded by walls and fosses ; a new castle had been built in 1502. During the civil broils of 1787 Harlingen was blockaded by the patriots of Franeker. In November 1776 and February 1825 it suffered from severe inundations.
HARMODIUS, a beautiful Athenian of the tribe Gephyrei, was the intimate friend of <Aristogiton, a citizen of the middle rank. Hipparchus, younger brother of the tyrant Hippias, was also a lover of Harmodius. He tried to attract Harmodius to himself, and failing in the attempt, revenged himself by putting a public atiront on his sister at a solemn festival. Thereupon the two friends conspired with a few others to murder both the tyrants during the armed procession at the Panathenaic festival (514 b.c.). But in a sudden alarm they prematurely at- tacked and slew Hipparchus alone. Harmcdiuswascut down on the spot by the guards, and Aristogiton was soon captured and tortured to death. When Hippias was expelled (510 b.c.), Harmodius and Aristogiton became the most popular of Athenian heroes; their statues were set up in the agora, their descendants were exempted from public burdens, and their names were celebrated in popular songs and scolia as the deliverers of fair Athens. Thucydides (vi. 5+) alludes to the falseness of the popular belief about them, and gives the story in detail.