(Mungo), "dearest friend." As, however, the favour with which he was regarded by Servanus had awakened the animosity of his fellow pupils, he secretly made his escape, and ultimately found his way to Cathures (Glasgow), near a cemetery which had bsen long consecrated by St Ninian. There he dwelt for some time with two brothers named Telleyr and Anguen, when on account of the fame of his manner of life and his miraculous deeds the king and clergy of Cumbria, in order to restore the religion of Christianity to its former influence, called over a bishop from Ireland and caused Kentigern to be consecrated bishop. His cathe dral seat he named Glasgu, "the dear family," where he collected a number of friends and disciples who practised continence and lived after the manner of the primitive church. On his life being threatened, lie journeyed to Menevia (St David s) in South Wales, where he founded the monastery of Llanelwy, afterwards St Asaph's. When Roderick ascended the throne of Cumbria, Kentigern returned, and after establishing his see for some time at Hoddam, Dumfriesshire, he settled finally at Glasgow. He is said to have died on a Sunday, and as his saint s
day is the 13th January, he probably died in G03.
The fragment of a life of St Kentigern, composed at the instance of Herbert, bishop of Glasgow, who died in 1164, and made use of by John of Fordun, is preserved in a manuscript of the British Museum. It was first printed by Cosmo Innes in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis. A life written by Jocelyn, a monk of Furness, about 1180, exists in two MSS., one in the British Museum, the other in the public library of the archbishop of Dublin bound along with a life of St Servanus in a small quarto volume. An abridgment of the life by Jocelyn was published by Capgrave in Nova Legenda Angliæ. The British Museum MS. vas published by Pinkerton in the Vitæ Antiquæ Sanctorum Scotiæ. The second MS. has been published along with the anonymous fragment, and with translations of both, accompanied with learned notes by Bishop Forbes of Brechin, in vol. v. of The Historians of Scotland, 1874. Principally on the earlier fragment have been founded the legends of St Kentigern and his friends and disciples in the Aberdeen Breviary, which have been published with translations and notes by Kev. William Stevenson, 1874. See also Skene's Celtic Scotland, vol. ii. , and Montalembert's Monks of the West.
KENTUCKY
Copyright, 1882, by John R. Procter.
KENTUCKY, one of the central States of the United States of America, is situated between 3G 30 and 39 6 N. lat., and 82 and 89 38 W. long., and is bounded on the N. by Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the W. by Missouri, on the S. by Tennessee and Virginia, and on the E. by Virginia and West Virginia. It extends from east to west 458 miles, arid its greatest width from north to south is 171 miles.
The area of the State has been variously estimated at from 37,000 to 40,000 square miles. The surface is an elevated plateau sloping from the great Appalachian uplift on the south-east, to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers on the north and west. Only that portion of the State including and lying between the Pine or Laurel Mountain and the Cumberland range may be said to partake of the mountain structure. These parallel ranges have an elevation of from 2000 to 3000 feet above sea-level, whilst the mountains in the Cumberland valley between these ranges have an elevation of 3500 feet. The Cumberland river, near where it passes through a break in Pine Mountain, is at low-water mark 960 feet above the sea. Some of the hills immediately to the north are as high as Pine Mountain, gradually decreasing in height to the western edge of the Appalachian coal-field, where the greatest elevation is less than 1600 feet above the sea. The topography can be understood by reference to the accompanying sketch map of the geology of the State. The eastern coal-field, with an area over 10,000 square miles, has an elevation of 650 on the Ohio river to 1400 feet on the south-western
edge on the Tennessee line, and 3500 feet on the south eastern border of the State. The great central or " Blue Grass region" (Lower Silurian on map) has an area of about 10,000 square miles, and an elevation of from 800 to 1150 feet. Although elevated several hundred feet above the drainage level, the surface is that of a gently undulating plateau, with a pleasing topography. The Upper Silurian and Devonian, with an area of about 2500 square miles, have an elevation of 450 on the north-west and 800 on the north-eastern end to 1100 feet where these formations curve around the Lower Silurian on the south west. In this region are wide stretches of very level country, often with insufficient drainage. Around this central region extends from the mouth of Salt river to the mouth of the Scioto a continuous ridge known as Muldrows Hill, King s Mountain, Big Hill, and other local names, having an abrupt escarpment on its inner circle, and sloping away from the central uplifted dome of the Blue Grass region, as a broken plateau on the east, and an almost level plateau on the west where the subcarboni- ferous limestone determines, the topography. This range of hills is one of the prominent features in the State. The subcarboniferous has an area of about 10,000 square miles, with an elevation of from 350 to 600 feet on the south-western to 950 in the central region. In the eastern portion of this formation the streams have cut deep gorges in the limestone, but in its central part only the larger streams are open to daylight, and most of the drainage is subterraneous, which gives to that region a peculiar topography, the surface being a series of slight round or oval depressions, through which the surface water escapes to the streams below. Whenever the small passage way leading downwards from one of these sinks becomes closed, a " pond " is formed. In this formation are the numerous caverns for which this State is noted. The western coal field has an area of about 4000 square miles and an elevation of from 400 feet along the Ohio river to 850 feet in its south-eastern portion. The Quaternary, with an area of about 2500 square miles, has an elevation of about 280 feet on the river bottom lands and from 350 to 450 on the uplands. The average elevation for the entire State is over 1000 feet above the sea, and the numer ous streams penetrating all portions have cut their chan nels deep enough to secure ample drainage, and exemption from the dangers of floods, with the exception of very limited areas.
Rivers. – The State has a river boundary of 813 miles of navigable streams: – the Chatterawha or Big Sandy on the east for 120 miles, the Ohio on the north for 643 miles, and the Mississippi on the west for 50 miles. The Chatterawha, Licking, Kentucky, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers have their sources in the Appalachian coal-field, and flow through the State to the Ohio river. The Green and Tradewater rivers drain the western coal-field. Kentucky has many hundred miles of navigable rivers,
