78 K I M K I N into Latin, 1 into JucUeo-German, 2 and even into English. 3 The following is a list of Kimhi s works, which, however, lays no claim to perfection : GRAMMAR. ^3D> P art i- : (!) Constantinople, 1532-34, folio; (2) Constantinople, 1532-34, 8vo ; (3) with Latin translation by Agathius Guidacerius, Paris, 1540, Svo ; (4) with additamenta by Elias Levita, Venice, 1544, 8vo, 4 and again (5) 1545, folio; (6) with the same additions, Venice, 1545, 8vo; (7) with the same additions and commentary by Mosheh D OVH (Hechingen ?), Fiirth, 1793, 8vo ; (8) with additions from MSS. by Rittenberg, Lyck, 1862, Svo. In addition to these have appeared Compendia from this grammar by Pagninus, Paris, 1549, 4to ; and by Baynus, Paris, 1554, 4to. LEXICON. ^1^313, part ii. : (1 ) without place and date, but before 1480, folio ; (2) with a Biblical index on the margin, Naples, 1490, folio; (3) with a Biblical index inserted, Naples, 1491, folio; (4) without pagination, Constantinople, 1513, folio ; (5) Venice, 1529, folio; (6) with corrections from MSS., Salonika, 1532-33, folio; (7) Venice, 1546, folio ; (8) with notes by Elias Levita, Venice, 1546-48, folio ; (9) with Latin translation of the roots, Venice, 1546-48, folio; (10) the text revised from three MSS., Berlin, 1847, 4 to. COMMENTARIES. (1) On the Greater Part of Genesis, 5 Pressburg, 1842, 8vo. (2) On the Prophets and the Psalms, in the first Rab binic Bible, Venice, 1517, folio. (3) On the Prophets and tJie Chronicles, in the third and all subsequent Rabbinic Bibles, Venice, 1548, 1568, 1617-19; Basel, 1618-19; Amsterdam, 1724; Warsaw, 1860-68 ; 1866-76. (4) On the Former Prophets, Jeremiah and Ezekiel, in the second Rabbinic Bible, Venice, 1524-25, folio. (5) On the Former Prophets, Soncino, 1485; Leiria, 1494; Pesaro, 1511; Salonika, 1535, all in folio. (6) On the Latter Prophets, Guada- laxara, 1482 ; Soncino, 1485-86; Pesaro, 1515, all in folio. (7) On Isaiah and Jeremiah, Lisbon, 1492, folio. (8) On the Minor Pro- plids, Paris, 1539-40, 4to. (9) On Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, ami Jonah, Paris, 1556, 4to. (10) On Hosea, with the Latin translation of Mercier abridged by Coddseus, Leyden, 1621, 4to ; with the sacred text, Helmstadt, 1702-3, 4to ; by Hermann von der Hardt, Gottingen, 1775, 4to. (11) On Joel and Malachi, by Minister, Basel, 1570, 12mo. (12) On Joel and Obadiah, Utrecht, 1657, 8vo. (13) On Amos, with a letter by Elias Levita, Basel, 1531, 8vo. (14) On Obadiah, Bremen, 1673, 4to ; Jena, 1678, 8vo. (15) On Jonah, Utrecht, 1656, Svo ; Leipsic, 1683, 8vo; Utrecht, 1692, 8vo ; Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1697, 4to. (16) OnHaggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, by Thomas Ncale, Paris, 1557, 4to. (17) On Malachi, Basel, 1530, Svo ; Rostock, 1637, 4 to ; Leipsic, 1679, Svo. Besides these editions it ought to be mentioned that the Haphtaroth, or " Prophetic Portions," read on sabbaths, festivals, &c. , are to be found attached to the Pentateuch, Constance, 1505, folio ; Venice, 1516, folio; Constance, 1522, folio ; Cremona, 1566, folio; Venice, 1563, folio ; Cracow, 1588, folio ; Basel, 1618, folio ; Berlin, 1705, folio; Wilmersdorf, 1713, folio; Amsterdam, 1726, folio; Frankfort- on-the-Main, 1730, folio ; Metz, 1766, 4to. (18) On the. Psalms without place (but, no doubt, Bologna), 1477, folio ; in the Hagio- grapha, Naples, 1486-87, folio ; in the first Rabbinic Bible, as above ; Salonika, 1522, folio ; Isny, 1541, folio ; Cremona, 1561, Svo ; Venice, 1566, Svo ; Venice, 1596 ; Amsterdam, 1681, 4to ; Zolkiew, 1696, 4to ; Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1712, Svo ; Dyhern- furt, 1714, 4to ; Amsterdam, 1765, 4to ; Berlin, 1767, 4to; Amster dam, 1777, 16mo; as part of prayer-book, Amsterdam, 1796, ISmo; Amsterdam, 1816, Svo ; a part of a Bible, Fiirth, 1842-47, Svo ; Zitomir, 1867, 16mo. In addition to these there ought to be men tioned The First Ten Psalms, &c. , Constance, 1544, folio, and. An Extract from Kimchi on the Psalms, &c., Wilmersdorf, 1725, 4to. MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. (1) Et Sopher on the Massorcth and the Accents, Lyck, 1864, Svo. (2) Antichristiana : (a) in the Milchemeth Chobah, Constantinople, 1710, Svo; and (b) in the Nitzzachon, Nuremberg, 1644, 4to ; Amsterdam, 1709, 16mo ; Am sterdam, 1711, 16mo ; Amsterdam, 1827, 16mo ; Konigsberg, 1848- 1 As, e.g. , the commentary On Isaiah, by Malanimeus, Florence, 1774, 4to ; On Hosea, by Mercier, Leydeu, 1621. 4to ; On Joel T iy Leusden, Utrecht, 1657, Svo ; On Obadiah, by Crocius, Bremeu, 1673, 4to ; On Obadiah, by Bed well, London, 1601, 4to ; On Jonah, by Leusden, Utrecht, 1656, 8vo ; On Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, by Neale, Paris, 1557, 4to ; On Malachi, by Bohl, Rostock, 1637, 4to ; On the Psalms, by Janvier, Paris, 1666, 4to ; On Psalms i.-x., by Fagius, Constance, 154 4, folio, and with Janvier s translation in Reland s Analecta Rabbinica, Utrecht, 1723, Svo ; On Psalm iv., byBourdelot, Paris, 1619, 4to ; and on Psalm xix., byPhilipp. d Aquino, 1629, Svo. 2 That, for instance, On Isaiah, Cracow, 1586, 4to. 3 As that On Zechariah, by M Caul, London, 1837, Svo. 4 Dr W. Aldis Wright, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, possesses this edition, printed by Cornelio Adelkind at Bombergi s house, with the remarkable date on the title-page *lbl p Htf WDTlXSi? (sic}, i.e., 1544 of our redemption, showing that the editor was a baptized Jew. Of this edition no other copy is known to us. 5 This was, no doubt, Kimhi s last production. 50, 24mo. The "Antichristiana" contained in the Nitzzachon are the "Answers to the Christians," from the author s com mentary on the Psalms, which are omitted in most of the editions. (3) Religious Philosophy. The " explanation of the MerTcabah (first chapter of Ezekiel) in a mystic way," is, although attached to the author s commentary on Ezekiel, a separate essay. In all the editions it is to be found after that commentary. KIMPULUNG, a town of Roumania, in that part of the country formerly known as Great Wallachia, is situated at the foot of the Transylvanian Alps on the banks of one of the left hand tributaries of the Danube, about 80 miles north-west of Bucharest. Its position near the Torzburg pass gives it a considerable share of the trade between Hungary and Roumania. Population about 9000. KINCARDINE, or THE MEARNS, a maritime county in the east of Scotland, is situated between 56 46 and 57 9 N. lat., and between 2 3 and 2 47 W. long. It is bounded on the E. by the German Ocean, on the N.W. by Aberdeenshire, and on the S.W. by Forfarshire. Its length along the coast from the mouth of the North Esk to that of the Dee is 31 miles, and its breadth east to west from Dunnottar to Mount Battock 22 miles. The total area is 248,284 acres, or about 388 square miles. Geology. The Grampian range of mountains intersects the county from east to west, and occupies a breadth of about 8 miles in the western and north-western districts, terminating in the north-eastern corner in the promontory of Girdleness. To the north the county slopes into the picturesque" and finely wooded valley of the Dee, and to wards the south into the " How (or hollow) of the Mearns," a continuation of the valley of Strathmore, but it rises again into smaller eminences towards the coast. The highest summit of the Grampians in Kincardineshire is Mount Battock, 2465 feet, but a considerable number range from 1500 to a little above 2000 feet. The southern part of the coast from the North Esk is rocky but low, with considerable stretches of sand ; from Bervie to Stonehaven it rises into an almost unbroken line of perpendicular cliffs ranging from 100 to 250 feet in height; from Stonehaven to the mouth of the Dee it is still more bold and rocky, but at the same time more frequently interrupted by creeks and bays, which form natural harbours for a number of fish ing villages. The greater part of the county belongs to the Upper Silurian strata of the Highlands, consisting chiefly of gneiss, but towards the west there is a large eruption of granite, and the southern half of the county belongs to the upper strata of Old Red Sandstone. Con glomerate occurs on the coast, and porphyry, sandstone, and whinstone in the southern part of the county. Lime is found, but not in amount sufficient to meet agricultural wants, and large quantities are imported. Rivers and Lakes. The principal rivers are the Dee, which skirts the northern boundary of the county, and receives the Feugh at Banchory, where are the beautiful falls of Feugh; the North Esk, which after entering it from Forfarshire, receives the tributary of the Luther, and forms a portion of the south-western boundary of the shire ; the Bervie, which rises in the Grampians, and after flowing south-eastwards for about 10 miles, falls into the sea at Bervie ; and the Carron and Cowie, which flow the one eastward and the other south-eastward to the sea at Stone- haven. The principal lakes are the Loch of Drum, lately reduced from 300 to 100 acres, and Loirston Loch, 27 acres. Climate, Soil, and Agriculture. The climate is healthy, but, except on the north side of the Dee, often cold even on the low grounds, owing both to exposure to east winds, especially near the sea-coast, and to the proximity of bleak and chilly uplands. It has, however, been greatly im proved by extensive drainage of the marshes. The mean annual is 45 Fahr., that of summer being 58, and of winter
