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epitaph, in which he is styled Rabbi Doctorum, Lux, Censor, Normaque Morum. Andrea wrote the following works: Gloss on the Sixth Book of the Decretals; Glosses on the Clementines; Commentary on the Rules of Sextus. His additions to the Speculum of Durando are a mere adaptation from the Consilia of Oldradus, as is also the book De Sponsalibus et Matrimonio, from J. Anguisciola.

ANDREANI, Andrea, a celebrated engraver on wood, in chiaroscuro, was born at Mantua about 1540, and died at Rome in 1623. His engravings are scarce and valuable, and are chiefly copies of Mantegna, Dürer, and Titian. The most remarkable of his works are "Mercury and Ignorance," the "Deluge," "Pharaoh's host drowned in the Red Sea" (after Titian), the "Triumph of Caesar" (after Mantegna), and "Christ retiring from the judgment-seat of Pilate."

ANDREASBERG, a town of Prussia, in the former kingdom of Hanover, situated in the Hartz mountains, at an elevation of nearly 2000 feet above the level of the sea, and at a distance of about 10 miles S.E. from Clausthal. It contains 3321 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the manufacture of lace, thread, or matches. In the vicinity there are valuable mines of silver, iron, lead, cobalt, arsenic, and copper.

ANDREEVA, or Enderi, a town of Russia, in the district of the Caucasus, situated on the Aktash, 45 miles south of Kizliar. It once had a large trade in slaves. Population, 12,000.

ANDREOSSI, Antoine-François, Comte d', a very distinguished French officer, was born at Castelnaudary in Languedoc, 6th March 1761, and died at Montauban, September 1828. He was of Italian extraction, and his grandfather, François Andreossi, had taken part with Riquet in the construction of the Languedoc canal in 1669. At the age of twenty he became a lieutenant of artillery, and he early joined the republican party. He accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt as a chef de brigade, serving with great distinction, and was selected as one of Napoleon's companions on his unexpected return to Europe. Andreossi filled with honour many important offices of command during subsequent campaigns, and was appointed ambassador to London after the treaty of Amiens. When Napoleon assumed the title of Emperor, Andreossi was advanced to be inspector-general of artillery, and made a couint of the empire. He was sent as ambassador to Austria, where he remained till the rupture with France in 1809; and when the fatal battle of Wagram prostrated Austria, he held the post of governor of Vienna as long as that capital was occupied by the French. He was afterwards sent by Napoleon as ambassador to Constantinople, where he conciliated the friendship of both Franks and Mahometans. In 1814 he was recalled by Louis XVIII., who sent him, however, the cross of St Louis. Andreossi now retired into private life, till the escape of his former master from Elba once again called him forth. After the battle of Waterloo he finally quitted the scene of political life, relieving the tedium of retirement by writing several scientific memoirs. He was a man of solid and extensive acquirements. While in Egypt he had contributed to the Institute of Cairo memoirs on the Valley of Lake Natron, and on Lake Menzaleh. Subsequently he published an account of the Campaign on the Main and the Rednitz; a memoir on the Flow of the Black Sea into the Mediterranean; a history of the Canal du Midi, known previously as the Canal de Languedoc, the chief share in the construction of which he claimed for his ancestor; and a memoir on the Constantinople Water-works System.

ANDRES, Juan (1740–1817), an erudite Jesuit, born in Valencia, and some time professor of literature in the university of Gandia. He is the author of a great number of treatises on science, music, the art of teaching the deaf and dumb, &c. But his chief work, the labour of fully twenty years, is one in 7 vols. 4to., entitled Dell' Origine, dei Progressi, e dello Stato attuale d'ogni Letteratura, where a great deal of information is accumulated. (See Hallam's Lit. of Eur. and Sismondi's Lit. of S. Europe, vol. i.)

ANDREW, St, the apostle, born at Bethsaida in Galilee, brother to Simon Peter. He had been a disciple of John the Baptist, and followed Jesus upon the testimony given of Him by the Baptist (John i. 35, 40, &c.) Andrew introduced his brother Simon, and they passed a day with Jesus, after which they went to the marriage in Cana (ibid, ii.), and then returned to their ordinary occupation. Some months after, Jesus meeting them while they were both fishing together, called them to him, and promised to make them fishers of men. Immediately they left their nets and followed him (Matt. iv. 19). Tradition assigns Scythia, Greece, and Thrace, as the scenes of St Andrew's ministry: he is said to have suffered crucifixion at Patræ in Achaia, on a cross of the form called Crux decussata, ( × ), and commonly known as “St Andrew's cross.” His relics, it is said, were afterwards removed from Patræ to Constantinople. An apocryphal book, bearing the title of The Acts of Andrew, is mentioned by Eusebius, Epiphanius, and others. It is now completely lost, and seems never to have been received except by some heretical sects, as the Encratites, Origenians, &c. This book, as well as a Gospel of St Andrew, was declared apocryphal by a decree of Pope Gelasius (Jones On the Canon, vol. i. p. 179, et seq.)

seq.)

ANDREWES, Lancelot, D.D., Bishop of Winchester, one of the most illustrious of the prelates of England, was born in 1555 in Thames Street, Allhallows, Barking, London. His father Thomas was of the ancient family of the Suffolk Andrewes; in his later years he became master of Trinity House. Lancelot was sent while a mere child to the Coopers' Free School, Ratcliff, in the parish of Stepney. From this the youth passed to Merchant Taylors' School, then under the celebrated Richard Mulcaster. In 1571 he was entered at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was here one of the first four scholars upon the foundation of Dr Thomas Watts, successor of the venerable Nowell. Contemporaneously he was appointed to a scholarship in Jesus College, Oxford, at the request of the founder (Dr Price), by Queen Elizabeth. In 1574–5, he took his degree of B.A.; in 1576 he was chosen to a fellowship at his college; in 1578 he proceeded M.A.; in 1580 he was ordained, and in the same year his name appears as junior treasurer; in 1581 he was senior treasurer, and on July 11, was incorporated M.A. at Oxford. On passing M.A.,. he was appointed catechist in his college, and read lectures upon the Decalogue, afterwards published, causing a furor of interest far and near, as his first quaint biographer Isaacson tells. The notes of these lectures printed in 1642 authenticate themselves; later editions have been suspiciously enlarged, and otherwise altered for the worse. The notes are historically valuable and important, inasmuch as with Bishops Jewell and Bilson, he teaches in them, that Christ is offered in a sacrament, that is, his offering is represented and a memory of his passion celebrated. Nothing can be more definite or emphatic than Andrewes' repudiation of a real external sacrifice in the bread and wine. From the university Andrewes went into the North, on the invitation of Henry Hastings, earl of Huntingdon, lord president of the North. In 1585 he is again found at Cambridge taking his degree of B.D. In 1588 he succeeded Crowley in the vicarage of St Giles, Cripplegate. Here he delivered his most penetrative and striking