192 ST PETERSBURG leva, and as far as the first two or three railway stations of the principal railways, especially that of Finland, 1* he mainland on the right bank of the Neva above its delta is known as Vyborg- skaya Storona (Viborg Side), and is connected with the main city by the Liteinyi bridge, closely adjoining which are the buildings of the military academy of medicine and spacious hospitals. The small streets (many of them unpaved), with numerous wooden houses, are inhabited by students and workmen ; farther north are great textile and iron factories. Vast orchards and the yards of the artillery laboratory stretch north-eastwards, while the railway and the highroad to Finland, running north, lead to the park of the Forestry Institute. The two villages of Okhta, on the right bank, arc suburbs ; higher up, on the left bank, arc several factories (Alexandrovsk) which formerly belonged to the crown, where playing-cards, cottons, glass, china, ironware, and so on arc made. The true boundary of St Petersburg on the south is the Obvodnyi Canal ; but wide tracts covered with orchards, cemeteries, and factories, or even unoccupied spaces, are included in the city in that direction, though they are being rapidly covered with buildings. Of the 21,195 acres covered by St Petersburg 1160 remain un- occupied. The gardens and parks, public and private, take up 798 acres, to which must be added Aptekarskiy, retrovskiy, Ela^hin, and Krestovskiy Islands, which are almost quite covered with parks. Nearly 30 per cent, of the total area of the most densely populated Fio. 2. Plan of St Petersburg. 1. Stock Exchange. 2. Academy of Sciences. 8. University. 4. Academy of First Corps of Cadets. 5. Academy of Arts. 6. Mining Institute. 7. Physical Observatory. 8. Winter Palace. 9. Statue of Peter I. 10. Senate and Synod. 11. Cathedral of St Isaac. 12. General Staff Buildings. 13. Hermitage Gallery of Art. parts are squares and streets, the aggregate length of the latter being 283 miles. More than half of them are lighted by gas, the remainder with kerosene. Except in a few principal streets, which are paved with wood or asphalt, the pavement is usually of granite boulders, and is bad and very difficult to keep in order. Many streets and embankments in the suburbs are unpaved. Nearly all the more populous parts have water led into the houses (4733 houses in 1883), and the same begins to extend also to the right bank of the Neva. In 1883 7,091,500,000 gallons of water, mostly from the Neva, very pure on the whole, 1 were supplied by seven- teen steam-engines to the left-bank portion of the city (9423 gallons per inhabitant). The number of houses in 1881 was 22,229 inhabited and 16,983 uninhabited. Of the former 18,816 belonged to private persons and 3148 to societies or the crown. The houses are mostly very large: of the private houses no fewer than 169 had from 400 to 2000 inhabitants each ; the contrary holds good i For analyses, see Journ. Buss. Chemical Soc., vol. xv. 567. 14. Cathedral of Virgin of Kazan. 15. Town-house. 16. Gostinyi Dvor. 17. Public Library. 18. Anitchkoff Palace. 19. Orphanage. 20. General Post-Office. 21. Military Storerooms. 22. Theatres (Great and Mariinski). 23. Moscow Railway Station. 24. Medical Academy. 25. Hospital. 26. Courts of Justice. 27. House of Detention. of the out-lying parts, where 2005 houses had fewer than 20 inha- bitants each. On 27th December 1881 the population of St Petersburg was 861,303, exclusive of the suburbs, and 929,100 including them, thus showing an increase of 29 per cent, since 1869. The census of 1881 having been made with great accuracy, the following interest- ing results may be relied upon. 2 The density of population varies from 1 inhabitant per 93 square feet to 1 per 17,346 square feet (on Peterburgskiy Island) ; the average is 1 per 1068 square feet. Less than a tnird of the aggregate population (29 "3 per cent.) were born in the capital, the remainder coming from all parts of Russia, or being foreigners. The males are to the females in the proportion of 122 to 100 ; at the same time the married men and women con- stitute respectively 49 and 39 per cent, of the population, the numbers of the unmarried or widowed being respectively 48 and 3 per cent, for men, and 56 and 5 for women. The proportion of
- See St Petersburg according to the Census of 1881, and the Statistical Yearbook
o/St Petersburg fur 1883, St Petersburg, 1884.
