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to suppress them, and disarmed the militia organized for the purpose by Barneveldt, The former now assumed the chief power. Au interview took place on August 17, 1 618, between the advocate and the stadtholder ; each adhered resolutely to his own views, and the meeting remained fruitless. Barneveldt, with his friends Grotius and Hoo- gerbeets, was arrested and imprisoned on the 29th. In November following, in pursuance of the command of Prince Maurice, the famous Synod of Dort assembled. A few days later the trial of the prisoners began before a special commission. The proceedings were illegal ; the accusations against Barneveldt were fully disproved, but he was unjustly found guilty and sentenced to death. This sentence was unscrupulously confirmed by the clerical synod. It was a foregone conclusion, and Barneveldt had seen clearly that there was no hope for him. On the 14th of May 1619, just five days after the closing of the synod, the venerable statesman and patriot, then in his seventy- first year, was beheaded at the Hague. He met his fate without a word of regret, without a sign of fear. His calm courage and his tenderness of heart are attested by a letter, still extant, written to his wife a few hours before his execution. Besides his wife, Maria van Utrecht, Barne veldt left two sons and two daughters. Four years after their, father s death the sons took part in a plot against Prince Maurice ; one of them made his escape and entered the service of Spain, the other was arrested and

beheaded.

An elaborate history of The Life and Death of John of Barncveld, with a View of the Primary Causes and Movements of the Thirty Years War, by J. L. Motley, author of the liisc of the Dutch lie- public, appeared in 187-1.

BARNSLEY, or Black Barnsley, mentioned in Domesday ook as Bernesleye, a town and municipal borough in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 171 miles from London and about 11 north of Sheffield. It is situated on rising ground to the west of the River Dearne, in a district of considerable natural beauty. The manufacture of iron and steel, and the weaving of linen and other cloth, are the two principal industries ; but there are also bleachfields, printfields, dyeworks, sawmills, cornmills, and malt-houses ; and the manufacture of glass, needles, and wire is still carried on. The last-mentioned industry dates from the reign of James I., and was for a long time the staple of the place. There are large coal-fields in the neighbourhood, which, indeed, extend under the town ; and these afford employment to considerable numbers. The coal is largely exported to London and Hull, for domestic and other purposes, the coke formed from it also being in great demand. Besides the means of communication afforded by several railway lines, Barns! ey has the advantage of two canals, the one known as the Barnsley-and-Wakefield and the other as the Dearne-and-Dova Among the more important of its public buildings are the church of St Mary s, St George s (built in 1823), St John s (1858), the county court (1861), and the bank (1861). There are a number of educational and benevolent institutions of some importance ; the free grammar school dates from 1665, a subscription library was started in 1808, and a philosophical society was founded in 1828. In 1862 a handsome park of about 20 acres was presented to the town by the widow of Joseph Locke, M.P. About a mile from the town are the ruins of Monk Bretton, a Cluniac priory. Population in 1871, 23,021.

BARNSTABLE, a seaport town, and capital of the county of the same name, in the state of Massachusetts, Korth America. It is situated on the south side of a bay of the same name, which opens into Cape Cod Bay, and is 65 miles S.E. of Boston. The population, which is largely sea-faring, amounted in 1870 to 4793.

Arms of Barnstaple.

BARNSTAPLE, a market and borough town of England, county of Devon, 40 miles N.W. of Exeter. It is situated on the River Taw, 6 miles from its mouth, but has always been considered a seaport. The stream, which is only navigable for small craft, is here crossed by an ancient stone bridge of 16 arches, and by a railway bridge on the Ilfra- conibe line. The town is handsome and well built ; it was incorporated in the reign of Henry I., and has returned two members to parliament since the time of Edward I. The woollen trade, for which it was once famous, has now entirely declined ; but it manufactures lace, sail cloth, and fishing-nets, and has extensive potteries, tan neries, sawmills, and foundries, while shipbuilding is also successfully carried on. The public buildings and institutions include a large church, a guildhall (1826), a music hall, a free grammar school, a literary institute, national and charity schools, an infirmary (1832), and a dispensary, and the finest market-place in the West of England. The poet Gay was born in the vicinity, and received his education at the grammar school here, which at an earlier period had numbered Bishop Jewel among its alumni. Population in 1871, 11,659. Barnstaple is a town of considerable antiquity, and was erected, it is said, by Athelstan into a borough. At the time of the Norman Conquest it numbered between forty and fifty burgesses. Joel of Totness, to whom it was transferred, built a castle and founded a priory of Cluniac monks. In 1588 the town was able to furnish three vessels against the Spanish Armada.

BAROCCHIO, or Barozzi, Giacomo da Vignola, architect, born at Yignola in the Modenese territory, in 1507. He succeeded Michel Angelo as the architect of St Peter s, and executed various portions of that fabric, besides a variety of works in Rome and other parts of Italy. The designs for the Escorial were also supplied by him. He is the author of an excellent work on the Five Orders of Architecture. His character as a man was worthy of his genius ; for to his extensive acquirements and exquisite taste were superadded an amenity of manners and disposition and a noble generosity, that won the affection and admiration of all who knew him. He died in 1573, at the age of sixty-six.

BAROCCI, or Baroccio, Federigo, painter, was born in 1528 at Urbino, where the genius of Raphael inspired him. In his early youth he travelled to Rome, where he painted in fresco, and was warmly commended by Michel Angelo. He then returned to Urbino, where, with the exception of some short visits to Rome, he continued to reside till his death in 1612. He acquired great fame by his paintings of religious subjects, in the style of which he to some extent imitated Correggio. His own followers were very numerous, but according to Lanzi, carried their master s peculiarities to excess. Barocci also etched from his own designs a few prints, which are highly finished, and executed with great softness and delicacy. (See Lanzi, Hist, of Painting, i. 440.)

BARODÁ, a city of British India, the capital of the

native state known as the Gaikwdr s dominions, is situated near the River Biswamintri, in 22 16 N. lat, and 73 14

E. long. The Government of Bombay exercises a political