storied bas-reliefs ; artificial lakes enclosed by walls of cut stone ; stone bridges of extraordinary design and excellent execution ; elaborate embanked highways across the alluvial flats, &c. Were it possible to reconcile the geography, they would almost justify the extravagant fictions of Mendez Pinto regarding the palaces and temples of Timplan
and Timagogo.About fifteen miles north of the lake, buried in forest, is the ancient capital, commonly called Angkor or Nalchon (both corruptions of the Indian Nagara) Thorn, or " the Great City," the proper old name of which was Inthapata- buri, i.e., Indraprasthapuri, after the capital of the Pandus in the ancient India of the Mahabh&rat. Mouhot and Thomson have by some misapprehension greatly exaggerated its size ; but its walls do in fact form a quadrangle of nearly 8i miles in circuit and 30 feet in height, surrounded by a very wide ditch. There are five gates (two on the east), of very grandiose though fantastic architecture. About five miles south of the city is the great temple called Nalchon Wat, i.e., " the city monastery," one of the most extraordinary architectural relics in the world.
This also is enclosed by a quadrangular wall of 3860 yards in compass, outside of which is a wide ditch. We cannot attempt to describe this edifice with its corridors, sculptures, and towers rising to 180 feet and upwards. Much in the detail is Indian ; much that is but obscurely traced as yet in India connects itself with other remains in Indo-Cbina and in Java ; much again is unique. One remarkable point is the Roman-Doric character of the enriched pilasters which form a feature frequently recurring ; this, too, has parallels, though not quite so striking, in Ceylon and in mediaeval Burmese remains.
Some remarkable features of the Camboja monuments are distinctly mentioned in the Chinese mediaeval narrative, but there is apparently no notice of the Nakhon Wat. If force is to be attached to this omission, it will indicate the date of that building as between 1296 and 1352, the date of the first great Siamese invasion. We are not yet in a .position to say with certainty to what worship they were dedicated, though inclining to the view of Gamier, who regards them as belonging to Buddhism, the still existing worship of the nation ; and some of the temples are certainly Buddhist. Mr Fergusson dissents, and regards the great temples as monuments of serpent-worship, though admitting doubt.
Though the existence of these remarkable ruins had been quite forgotten till what may be called their rediscovery, of which the first distinct account was given by M. Mouhot in 1859, they had been known to some of the early Jesuit missionaries, who speak of their " discovery in 1570 ;" and a notice of them from such a source will be f oirnd in Zedler s Universal Lexicon under " Cambodscha " (1733). Father Kibadeneyra (1601) says a legend ascribed the erection to Alexander the Great. This must have originated with the Malays, among whom Iskandar and . the " Alexander Saga " were familiar and popular. And to the same communication may perhaps be due that strange introduction of Rome into the legendary history. This would then be Kome in its Mussulman sense, Rum i.e., Greece or Turkey.
See Gamier, Voyage d Exploration en Indo-Chine, Paris ; Cortam- bert et de Rosny, Tableau de la Cochin-Chine, Paris 1862; Bastian, Eeise, ii. and iv. ; Mouhot s Travels, 1864; The Philippine Islands, &c., by Antonia de Morga, Hakluyt Soc. 1868 ; Cambodia and its Races, by G. Thomson ; Antiquities of Cambodia, by J. Thomson ; Fergusson s Hist, of Architecture, vol. ii., and Tree and Serpent Worship ; Crawfurd s Mission to Siam and Cochin-China ; Abel- EemusatjiVowy. Melanges Asiat.vol. i. 100; Calendar of State-Papers, East Indies, 1862 ; Purchas, vol. iii., &c.
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CAMBORNE, a small town in the county of Cornwall, about 13 miles by rail S.W. of Truro. It is a neatly-built place, and stands in the immediate neighbourhood of some of the most productive tin and copper mines in the county which afford employment to most of the inhabitants. It lias a handsome parish church, in the later Gothic style, restored in 1862. Population in 1871, 7757.
CAMBRAY, in German Kamerik, or Kambryk, a fortified town of France, in the department of Nord situated on the right bank of the Scheldt, 32 miles S. of Lille, in 50 10 N. lat. and 3 14 E. long. It is well built, contains a large number of ancient gabled houses, and is surrounded by strong walls flanked with round towers. The principal building is the Cathedral of St Sepulchre, occupying the site of an earlier structure, which was greatly damaged during the French Revolution, and suffered still more severely from a conflagration in 1859. It still contains a monument by David to the memory of F6nelon, but the tomb in which the archbishop was buried was broken open in 1793, and his coffin melted into bullets. Of the old archiepiscopal palace the only thing left is a Renaissance portal ; and the archbishop now has his residence in what was formerly the convent of the Benedictines. Besides these may be mentioned the church of St Gery, and the belfry of St Martin ; the town-house, dating from 1873 ; the citadel ; and the public library, containing upwards of 35,000 volumes, in what was formerly the church of the hospital of St John. Cambray is the chief town of an arrondissement, and has judicial and commercial tribunals of the first instance. A college, two theological seminaries, a medical school, and a school of design are its chief educational establishments ; it has also various learned societies. The town has long been famous for its manufacture of fine muslin, to which it gave the name Cambric ; and it also contains manufactories of cotton cloth, lace, and thread, as well as sugar-factories, oil re fineries, distilleries, breweries, and other industrial establish ments. Its trade consists of grain, wine, hemp, hops, cattle, butter, and coal. The Scheldt begins to be navigable at the town, and communicates with St Quentin by means of a canal. Population in 1872, 22,897.
Cambray is the ancient Nervian town of Camaracum, which is first mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary. In the 5th century it was the capital of the Frankish king Ragnachar. Fortified by Charle magne, it was captured and pillaged by the Normans in 870, and unsuccessfully besieged by the Hungarians in 953. During the 10th, llth, and 12th centuries it was the scene of frequent hostilities between the bishop and his supporters on the one hand and the citizens on the other ; but the latter ultimately effected their inde pendence. In 1478 Louis XL, who had obtained possession of the town on the death of the last duke of Burgundy, handed it over to the emperor, and in the 16th century Charles the Fifth caused it to be fortified with a strong citadel, for the erection of which the castles of Cavillers, Escaudceuvres, and many others were demolished. From that date to the peace of Nimeguen, which assigned it to France, it frequently passed from hand to hand by capture or treaty. In 1793 it was besieged in vain by the Austrians. The League of Cambray is the name given to the alliance of Pope Julius II., Louis XII., Maximilian I., and Ferdinand the Catholic against the Venetians in 1508 ; and the Peace of Cambray, or as it is also called, the Ladies Peace, was concluded in the town by Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I., and Margaret of Austria, aunt of Charles V., in name of these monarchs. The bishopric of Cambray dates from the 5th cen tury, and it was erected in 1559 into an archbishopric, which con tinued till the Revolution, and has since been restored. The bishops received the title of count from the Emperor Henry I., and in 1510 were raised to the dignity of dukes, their territory including, besides the town itself, the district called Cambresis.
counties, belonging to the South Midland division of England, is about 45 miles in length and 30 in breadth. It comprises 17 hundreds, and the boroughs of Cambridge and Wisbeach. There are in the county, which is embraced within the diocese of Ely, 172 parishes and townships, be sides parts of parishes. It contains, according to the census of 1871, 524,926 statute acres. It is divided by the old
course of the River Ouse into Cambridge proper and the