DETMOLD, the chief town of the principality of Lippe, in North Germany, is situated on the Werre, at the foot of the Teutoburger-Wald, in 51 56 N. lat. and 8 50 E. long. The foundations of the older portion of the town were laid in 1300, and those of the newer in 1709. Among the chief buildings and institutions are the new palace, in the Renaissance style, erected about 1550, the town-house, house of correction, penitentiary, military hospital, gymnasium, the industrial, commercial, and free schools, the theatre, museum of natural science, and public library. The lead ing industries are linen-weaving, tanning, brewing, horse- dealing, and the quarrying of marble and gypsum. About three miles to the south-west of the town is the Grotenburg, with Bandel s colossal statue of Hermann or Arminius, the leader of the Cherusci. Detmold (Thiatmelli) was in 783 the scene of a conflict between the Saxons and the troops of Charlemagne. The population in 1875 was 6982.
DETROIT, the most important city of Michigan, in the
United States of America, capital of Wayne county, situated
on the west bank of the Detroit River (from the French
for a strait), opposite the Canadian town of Windsor.
It is about 7 miles S.W. of Lake St Glair, 55 miles from
Lake Huron, and 18 miles N. of Lake Erie, in 42 20 N.
lat. and 83 3 W. long. The river, which there separates the
United States from Canada, is about half a mile to three
quarters of a mile wide, and 5| fathoms deep, and flows
with a pretty swift current. The population of Detroit has
increased from 21,019 in 1850 to 45,619 in 1860, and
79,577 in 1870. Of this last number 35,381 were of
foreign birth, including 12,647 Germans. According to
the State census of 1874, the population of the city was
101,255 ; while in the neighbouring towns are not fewer
than 15,000 persons whose business interests are in the
city. Detroit with its suburbs stretches about five miles
along the river, and the central part extends for about two
miles back from the shore. The streets generally cross
each other at right angles, and are from 50 to 100 feet
wide. They are for the most part ornamented with rows
of trees. A number of avenues, from 100 to 200 feet
wide, diverge from the Grand Circus, a spacious park, semi
circular in form, which is divided into two quadrants by
Woodward Avenue. Connected with the Grand Circus is
the Campus Martius, a public " place " about 600 feet long
and 250 feet wide. The chief public building is the city
hall, which faces the Campus Martius with fronts on four
streets, and is one of the finest structures of the kind in
the West. Built of sandstone, and designed after the
Italian style of architecture, it measures 200 feet long, and
90 feet wide, and is surmounted by a tower 180 feet high.
The cost of the building amounted to $600,000 (120,000).
Other noteworthy structures are the opera house, the
office of the Board of Trade, the Roman Catholic
cathedral, which is the jnost imposing of the many
churches in the city, the custom house, containing also the
post-office, and the Michigan Central Railroad freight depot,
which is 1250 feet long by 102 feet wide. On the Campus
Martius stands the Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monu
ment. It is of bronze and granite, 55 feet high and about
20 feet in diameter at the base. It is surmounted by a
colossal bronze statue of an Indian girl representing
Michigan in defence of the Union. The design comprises
numerous other bronze figures, all of which were cast in
Munich.
The commercial facilities of Detroit are very extensive.
The Detroit River is a connecting link in the great chain
of lake navigation, and affords the best harbour on the
lakes. The city is the centre of an extensive railroad
system, which presents important channels of transportation
in almost every direction. Not fewer than five trunk lines
diverge to the eastern seaboard. More than 350 vessels
are owned here, and from ten to thirteen daily lines of
steamers run to various points on the lakes. There is a
considerable foreign commerce with Canada, the imports in
1875 amounting to $1,680,922, and the exports to
$2,340,015; 4426 vessels entered and 4355 cleared in
the foreign trade ; 3968 entered and 3000 cleared in the
coastwise trade. The large quantities of produce, chiefly
from Michigan, passing eastward through the city by rail
and water, give to Detroit an extensive domestic commerce.
The manufacturing industries of the city are extensive and
important. The working of iron is carried on in numerous
blast furnaces, foundries, and other establishments. In
1875, 9 mills manufactured 238,200 barrels of flour; 8
factories produced more than 4,000,000 fit of chewing and
smoking tobacco; and 171 establishments made about
30,000,000 cigars. Twelve saw-mills annually cut from
45,000,000 to 50,000,000 feet of lumber ; and 26 brick
yards make from 55,000,000 to 60,000,000 bricks a year.
The extensive Pullman car works, with a capital of about
$12,000,000, are situated here; also one of the seven pin
factories in the United States. The city glass work?
produce about $200,000 worth of glass a year ; and the
copper smelting works more than $2,000,000 worth of
ingot copper from Lake Superior ore. There are four
ship-yards and three large dry docks.
Detroit has 10 lines of street railway, with more than 45
miles of track intersecting the city in every direction. It
is divided into 1 1 wards, each returning 2 aldermen to the
city council, and has a metropolitan police of 100
members ; 7 steam fire-engines, the stations of which are
connected by telegraphic alarm apparatus with all parts of
the city ; and ample supplies of water from the river.
There are 64 churches, 14 asylums and hospitals, 18
public schools, 4 public libraries, the largest containing
about 25,000 volumes ; 2 medical colleges, and 3 medical
societies ; 8 daily newspapers, and 30 weekly and
monthly papers and periodicals ; several public parks ;
10 banks, with an aggregate capital of $3,210,000; and
62 incorporated companies, representing capital stock to
the amount of $22,445,000. The net city debt proper,
January 1, 1875, amounted to $990,340, or about $9-78