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A L V ( i ALTO'RIPIENO, in mufic, the tenor of the great chorus which fings and plays only now and then in ibrae particular places. ALTORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of Swabia, fituated in N. lat. 47° and E. long. q° gj'. Altorf, is likewife the name of a0 town in the circle of Franconia, fituated in N. lat. 49 20', andE. long. 11° 20'. Altorf, is alfo the capital of the canton of Uri, in Switzerland, fituated on the lake Lucern, in N. lat. 46° jo', and E. long. 8° 3c/. ALTRINGHAM, a town of Chefhire in England, upon the borders of Lancafhire, feven miles from Manchefter. ALTRIP, a fmall town of Germany, in the diocefe of Spire, fituated upon the Rhine, a little above Manheim. ALTUMAL, a term fometimes ufed to denote the mercantile ftyle or dialed. ALTUS, in mufic. See Counter-tenor. ALTZHEIM, or Altzky, a town of Germany, fituated in N. lat. 490 45', and E. long. 70 52', about 42 miles N. W. of Heidelberg. ALVA de Tormes, a tov/n of Spain, in the province 0of Leon, fituated on the river Tormes, in N. lat. 41 , and W. long. 6°, about 16 miles S. E. of Salamanca. ALVAH, among the Mahometans, the name by which they call the wood wherewith Mofes fweetened the waters of Marah. ALVAHAT, a province of higher Egypt, fituated under the tropics. ALVARID, in the hiftory of Spain, a kind of magiftrate or judge, differing very little from the alcaid. See Alcaid. ALVARISTS, in church hiftory, a branch of Thomifts, fo called from Alvares their leader ; who afferted fufficient grace, inftead of the efficacious grace of the ancient Thomifts. See Thomists. ALU CO, in ornithology, the trivial name of a fpecies of ftrix. See Strix. ALUDE, a kind of fheep’s leather, one fide of which has the wool on. ALUDELS, in chemiftry, earthen pots ranged one above another, for retaining the flowers which afcend in the procefs of fublimation. The loweft aludel is fitted to the pot which contains the matter to be fublimed, and at the top is a clofe head for cofteding the flowers which afcend higheft. See Chemistry. '*• ALVEARIUM, in anatomy, the hollow of the outer ear. See Ana-tomy, Part VI. Alvearium, in matters of literature, is ufed in a figurative fenfe for a colledion or thefaurus. ALVEOLUS, in natural hiftory, the name of the waxen cells in bee-hives. See Apis. Alveolus, in anatomy, the fockets in the jaws wherein the teeth are fixed. See Anatomy, Part I. Alveolus, in botany, the name of the cells in which the feeds of feveral plants are ranged. Alveolus, in natural hiftory, a fea foflile of a conic figure, compofed of a number of cells, like bee-hives, v joined into each other, with a pipe of communication. Vol. I. No. 6. t 3
■9 ) ALU ALVEUS, in anatomy, a name fometimes given to the tumid ladeal veffels proceeding from the receptaculum chyli. Alveus, is alfo ufed in Roman antiquity,for a kind'of boat, fafhioned out of the trunk of a Angle tree : Such was that in which Romulus and Remus were expofed. ALVIDONA, a town of Calabria, in the kingdom of Naples, upon the gulph of Roffano. ALYlflttxus, among phyficians. See Diarrhoea. Qbjiruftio Alvi, a Latin phrafe for coftivenefs. See COSTIVENESS. ALVIDUCAp among phyficians, a term for laxative medicines. ALUM, or Alumen, in natural hiftory, a peculiar kind of fait, fometimes found pure, but oftner feparated from feveral fubftances, as a foft reddifh ftone in Italy, feveral kinds of earth, and, in England, from a whitifh or bluiflt ftone, called Irifli flate. Alum, in medicine, is a powerful aftringent. In'dying, it fixes' the colours upon the fluff. See Chemistry. Procefs of making Alum. At Whitby, in Yorkftftre, alum is made thus : Having burnt a quantity of the ore with whins, or wood, till it becomes white, then they barrow it in a pit, where it is fteeped in water for eight or ten hours. This liquor, or lixivium, is conveyed by troughs to the alum-houfe, into cifterns, and from them into the pans, where it is boiled about 24 hours. They add a certain quantity of the lee of kelp ; the whole is drawn off into, a fetder ; whefe having remained about an hour, that the ftilphur and, other dregs may have time to fettle to the bottom, it is conveyed into coolers. This done, to every tun of the liquor they add about eight gallons of urine; and having flood four days and nights, till quite cool, the alum begins to cryftallize on the fides of the veffel, from which being fcraped off, it is waflied with fair water, and then thrown in a bing, to let the water drain off. After this it is thrown into a pan, called the roching pan, and there melted; in which ftate it is conveyed by troughs into tuns, where it Hands about 10 days, till perfectly condenfed. Then ftaving the tuns, the alum is takeaout, chipped, and carried to the ftore-houfes. This is what we commonly call roche or rock alum, as being prepared from ftones cut from the rocks of the quarry ; and ftands contradiftinguifhed from the common alum, or that prepared from earths. Artificial Alum, that prepared by art, in contradiftindion from the native alum. It is alfo ufed for alum produced by caufing burnt earthen veffels imbibe a large quantity of oil of vitriol; the effect of which is, that they are thereby reduced to a mucilage, which, being expofed to the open air, affords cryftals of pure alum. Tobacco-pipes, wetted with fpirit of fulphur, likewife afford beautiful cryftals of plumole alum. Burnt Alum, is -that melted in a fire-lhovel, or crucible, where it is allowed to bubble till it becomes a white hard fubftance. The watery part of the alum being thus expelled, Kk the
