| XXX | (352) | XXX |
A R C II 1 T E C T U RE. divide it into three equal parts ; and, through the points of divifion, draw lines parallel to the diameter E D, OF THE IONIC ORDER. will cut the diagonals C'2, C 3, and you will have TkeIonjc Order (PlateXXVL) xsof anioreflender which new centres, from whence the interior contour of make than the Doric orTufcan; its appearance is fimple, twelve the fillet may be defcribed, in the fame manner as the yet^raceful andmajeftic; its ornaments are few; fo that exterior one was from the firft centres. it has been compared to a fedate matron, in decent, rather than magnificent attire. Among the ancients, the form, of the Ionic profile ap- 4. OF THE CORINTHIAN ORDER. pears to have been more pofitively determined than that The proportions of this order are extremely delicate. of any other order; for, in all the antiques at Rome, It is divided into a great variety of members, and en(the temple of Concord excepted) it is exadtly the fame. riched with a profufion of ornaments. Scamozzi calls The modern aftifb have likewife been unanimous in it.the virginal order) and indeed it has all the delicacy their opinions; all of them, excepting Palladio and his in its make, and all the gaiety in its drefs, peculiar to imitators, having employed the dentil, cornice, and young girls. See Plate XXVIII. the other parts of the profile, nearly as they are found The moft perfect model of the Corinthian order is gein the Collifeum, the temple of Fortune, and the theatre nerally allowed to be in the three columns in the Campo of Maro.Hus. Vaccino at Rome, the remains, as it is thought, of the The height of the Ionic column is 18 modules, and temple of Jupiter Stator, that of the entablature or one quarter of the height The Corinthian column fhould be- 20 modules high, of the column, as in the other orders, which is a trifle and the entablature 5 ; which proportions are a medium lefs than in any of the antique Ionics.. In all the an- between thofe of the Panthreon and the three columns. tiques, the bafe is Attic; and the lhaft of the column The bafe of the column may either be Attic or Corinmay either be plain, or fluted with 24 flutings, or 20 on- thian : They are both beautiful. If the entablature be ly, as in the temple of Fortune. The plan, of the flu- enriched, the fhaft may be fluted. The flutings may be tings may be a trifle more than, a femicircle, as in the filled, to one third of their height, with cablings, as in forum of Nerva, becaufe they then appear more diflind. the infide of the Panthaeon ; which will ftrengthen the The fillets, ior intervals between them, muft not be lower part of the column, and make it lefs liable to inbroader than one third of the breadth of a fluting, jury. nor narrower than one fourth. The ornaments of the In moft of the antiques at Rome, the capital of this capital muft correfpond with the flutings of the fhaft; order is enriched with olive-leaves; the acanthus being and there muft be an ove above the middle of each flu- feldom employed but in the Compofite. De Cordemoy, ting. The volutes ought to be traced according to Mr however, prefers the .acanthus. The divifions of the entablature bear the fame proporGoldman’s method, which is as follows : Plate XXVII. fig. 9. Draw the cathetus F C, tions to each other, as in the Tufcan, Ionic, and Compowhofe length muft be 15 minutes, or one fourth of a mo- fite orders. dule ; and, from the point C, defcribe the eye of the volute A E B D, of which the diameter is to be 6-f- miOF THE COMPOSITE. nutes; divide it into four equal feftors by the diameters The 5.Composite is, ftridtly fpeaking, only a fpecies AB, DE. Bifett the radii C A, C B, in 1 and 4; of the Corinthian; and retains, in a great and on. the line 1, 4, conftrudt a fquare 1, 2, 3, 4. From meafure, the fame charadter.therefore See Plate XXIX. the centre C, to the angles 2, 3, draw the diagonals It does not appear that the ancients any partiC 2, C 3, and divide the fide of the fquare 1, 4, into 6 cular form of entablature to this order.affedted Sometimes the equal parts, at 5, 9, C, 12, 8. Then through the points cornice is entirely plain, as in the temple of Bacchus; at 5, 9, 12, 8, draw the lines 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 11, 8, 7, others, as in the arch of Septimius Severus, it is enrichparallel to the diameter E D, which will cut the diagowith dentils differing very little from the Ionic ; and nals in 6, 7, 10, ii ; and the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, edin the arch of Titus, there are both dentils and modilions ; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, will be the centres of the volute. From the firft centre 1, with the diftance 1 F, defcribe the wholeTomr of the profile 'being the fame with the the quadrant F G; from the fecond centre 2, with the Corinthian, as executed in the antiques at Rome. diftance 2'G, defcribe the quadrant G H; and, continu- The modern architedts have varied more in this than ing the fame operation from all the 12 centres, the eon- in any other order, each following the bent of his own fancy. tour of the volute will be completed. Fig. 10. The centres for defcribing the fillet are The height of the Gompofite column, and parts of found in this manner. Conftrudt a triangle, of which the the entablature, is the fame with that of the Corinthian. fide A F is equal to the part of the cathetus contained The foot of the leaves of the capital ought not to probetween A F and the fide F V, equal to C 1 ; place the jedt beyond the upper part of the fhaft. The different diftance F S from F towards A, equal to F S the breadth bunches of leaves fhould be ftrongly marked; the fprigs of the fillet, and through the point S draw the line S T, which arife between the upper ones fhould be kept flat which will be to C 1 in the fame proportion as A S is upon the vafe; and the ornaments of the volutes muft to A F; place this line on the diameter of the eye A B ; not projedt beyond the fillets that inclofe them. 3.
