14-2
VIRGINIA BIOGRAPHY
presence in the Confederacy being held as
dangerous to the new government. He de-
hvered speeches in advocacy of the Federal
cause, in the principal cities of the north,
until 1864, when he returned to Tennessee,
and the next year, with the aid of the negro
vote, was elected governor under the mili-
tary state government During his admin-
istration the people sought relief from his
rule by establishing the "Ku Klux Klan," and
disturbances arose, and in his endeavor for
suppression, he declared martial law in sev-
eral counties. In 1867 he had the aid of
the United States troops to carry into effect
the hated reconstruction law, disfranchising
the whites in Nashville, where resistance
vvas made by the mayor. In 1869 he was
elected to the United States senate, and he
resigned as governor, sold his newspaper,
and confined himself to his senatorial duties.
At the end of his term, he returned to
Knoxville, and again became its editor. In
1862 he published a volume, "Rise, Prog-
ress and Decline of Secession." He died at
Knoxville, April 29, 1877.
Ammen, Jacob, born in Botetourt county, Virginia, January 7, 1808. He was gradu- ated at West Point in 1831, and served there ab assistant instructor in mathematics, and afterward of infantry tactics until August 31, 1832. During the threatened "nullifica- tion" of South Carolina he was on duty in Charleston harbor. From October 4, 1834, to November 5, 1837, he was again at West Point as an instructor, and he resigned from the army November 30, 1837, to accept a professorship of mathematics at Bacon Col- lege, Georgetown, Kentucky. Thence he v/ent to JeiTerson College, Washington, Mississippi, in 1839, to the University of
Indiana in 1840, to Jefferson College again
in 1843, ^"d returned to Bacon College in
1848. From 1855 to 1861 he was a civil
engineer at Ripley, Ohio, and on April 18
of that year became captain of the Twelfth
Ohio Volunteers. He was promoted lieu-
tenant-colonel May 2, and participated in
the West Virginia campaign (June and
July) under McClellan. where the first con-
siderable Federal successes of the war were
gained. After the campaigns in Tennessee
and Mississippi he was promoted to be brig-
adier-general of volunteers, July id, 1862,
and was in command of camps of instruc-
tion in C^hio and Illinois until December
16, 1863. From April 10, 1864, to January
14. 1865, when he resigned, he was in com-
mand of the district of East Tennessee.
Cranch, Christopher Pearce, born at Alex- andria, Virginia, March 8, 1813, son of Judge William Cranch, of the circuit court of Washington, a jurist of eminence, and for many years reporter for the United States supreme court. He was intended for tlie ministry, and studied at the Harvard Theological Seminary, but his love for art and literature induced him to leave the ministry in 1842. He went to Italy and Paris, and remamed there as a student, with a single visit to America, until 1863, when he returned home and located in New York. He soon achieved reputation as a landscape paii.ter. and was elected to the .National Academy in 1864. In his later years he practically abandoned painting, and devoted himself to letters. An early collection of poems, published in 1S44. was the beginning of a long line of varied liter- rry and ])oetical works. In addition to a translation of the .-Eneid," he issued
