6o
VIRGLXIA BIOGRAPHY
corps in the department of Texas. In 1853-
55 he supervised western river improve-
ments, and in 1858 was acting inspec-
tor-general in the Utah expedition. On
June 28, i860, he was made quartermaster-
general, U. S. A., and resigned April 22,
1861, thus ending a service of thirty-one
years with but a single brief break, as an
officer. At once commissioned major-gen-
eral of \'irginia volunteers, he was asso-
ciated with Gen. Robert E. Lee in the work
of organization. Later he was called to
Montgomery, the capital of the Confederacy
to receive commission as brigadier-general.
He was assigned to command at Harper's
I-erry, but .soon transferred his troops to
Winchester, and thence, in July, 1861, went
to the assistance of Beauregard at Manas-
sas ^nd turned the tide against the enemy.
After Bull Run, Johnston, as ranking offi-
cer, combined all the troops there. In 1S62
he attacked McClellan at Seven Pines (Fair
Oaks), and was severely wounded. Early
in 1863 he was given command in the south-
west, at first stationed at Chattanooga.
AVhen Grant began his investment of Vicks-
burg, Johnston was ordered to the command
of all forces in Mississippi. He ordered
Pemberton to evacuate Vicksburg, but the
order was disregarded and Vicksburg, with
its garrison surrendered. Beginning in
December, 1863, Johnston faced Sherman,
who was then invading Georgia. Johnston's
conduct of his slow retreat was a master-
piece of military skill, but did not meet
the approval of the Confederate authorities,
and he was superseded by Hood. Later
Johnston was given command of the troops
in North Carolina, and with an inferior
force harrassed Sherman severely in his
march to the coast, but was unable to de-
feat him. Following the surrender of Lee
at Appomattox, Johnston met Sherman and
they united on terms that the Washington
government thought too liberal. The two
generals subsequently arranged another
agreement based on the Grant-Lee terms,
and which marked the end. Gen. Johnston
met the changed conditions with manly for-
titude. He represented the Richmond dis-
trict in congress in 1877, and served as rail-
ri'ad commissioner under President Cleve-
land. He wrote "A Narrative of Military
Operations during the Late War between
the States." He died in Washington City,
March 21, 1891. He had been suffering
from a heart ailment aggravated by a cold
contracted at the funeral of Gen. Sherman,
on which occasion he was an honorary pall-
bearer. Grant's estimate of Johnston rnay
be noted: "I have had nearly all the south-
ern generals in high command in front of
me, and Joe Johnston gave me more anxie-
ty than any of the others." And Sherman
speaks of him as "equal in all the elements
01 generalshi]) to Lee."
Jones, Catesby ap Roger, horn in Clark county, Virginia, about 182 1, was a son of Roger Jones, adjutant-general of the United States army and of Mary Anne (Mason) Page, his wife and a descendant of Roger Jones, who was captain of a government vessel in the days of Lord Culpeper, govern- 01 of Virginia. He received an appointment as midshipman at an early age and served under his uncle Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, then in command of the "Ex- ploring Expedition." He served through the war with Mexico, at first in the gulf and then on the western coast, and was at one time attached to the naval batteries at the
