the following manner: The first point below, at the beginning of the scale, was found by a mixture of ice, water and sal-ammoniac, or also sea-salt; when a thermometer is put in such a mixture the liquid falls until it reaches a point designated as zero. This experiment succeeds better in winter than in summer. The second point is obtained when water and ice are mixed without the salts named; when a thermometer is put into this mixture the liquid stands at 32°, and this I call the commencement of freezing, for still water becomes coated with a film of ice in winter when the liquid in the thermometer reaches that point. The third point is at 96°; the alcohol expands to this height when the thermometer is placed in the mouth, or the arm-pit, of a healthy man and held there until it acquires the temperature of the body. If, however, the temperature of a person suffering from fever, or some other disease, is to be taken another thermometer must be used having a scale lengthened to 128° or 132°. Whether these degrees are high enough for the hottest fevers I have not examined; I do not think, however, that the degrees named will ever be exceeded in any fever.
"The scales of such thermometers as are
