I64 FEDERAL REPORTER. �lished in Germany, in 1861, in a paper called "Der Bier Brauer," as anticipating the plaintiff's invention, This essay discusses the dif- ferent methods of heating barrels and casks, and rendering them impervious. After giving his views at some length on the subject of drying casks or vessels by warm or heated air, the writer coucludes as f ollows : �"In case of superfluous water or stearn-power, a fan being at commaud, can be attached and tlius blow the air through the vessels. Hereby the fan draws the air out of a channel which connects with the soraewhat roomy ash plaide of a small pit or shaft furnace, which is fed with coke or charcoal whenever warm air is desired. The ash place has an opening from the side provided with a small door to mix the burning air, in case it gets too hot, with cold air." �The defendant introduced a model in connection with this publica- tion which representa a grate in a furnace over an ash-pit. An exbaust passage connects a rotary fan with the ash-pit, and a discharge pipe from the fan is provided with one or more nozzles, which introduce the heated air and gaseous products into as many casks. In the side of the ash-pit is a cold-air inlet, which may be wholly or partially closed by a small door. The fan is adjusted between the furnace and the casks, and thus draws the air by suction from the outside through the fire and the exhaust ehamber and forces it forward into the casks. I think from the evidence a skilful meehanic, famUiar with the art, and this publication before bim, could readily have constructed this model. In this mechanism the fan is between the furnace and the casks, and draws the air through the fire by suction, and then drives the heated blasts or products of combustion forward into the casks, while the plaintiff's mechanism has the furnace between the fan and the casks, and forces the cold air into the fire and the heated blast into the casks; the difference being inmechanical arrangement only, and not in principle or eiiect. �The Cochrane & Slate patent is also relied upon here, for the first time, as anticipating the plaintiff's invention, This English patent was issued on the third day of January, 1850, and provides for the application of a hot deoxygenated blast for heating and drying moulds for castings, instead of casks. The device consists of an external cylinder of sheet metal, having an interior cylinder fixed within it, the lower part of which is perforated. A fire- place made of fire bricks and supplied with small coke is constructed in a ehamber or furnace resting on or over the cylinder when in use. The furnace contains ��� �
