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Contents.
cxiii
| Essay. | Page | |
| e. "restrictions on the authority of the several States," | No. XLIII. | 308 |
| i. forbidding the establishment of treaties and alliances between them, | 309 | |
| ii. forbidding the issue of letters of marque and reprisal, | 309 | |
| iii. forbidding the coinage of money by them, | 309 | |
| iv. forbidding the issue of bills of credit by them, | 309 | |
| v. forbidding the establishment of any other legal tender than gold and silver, | 310 | |
| vi. forbidding the passage of bills of attainder, | 310 | |
| vii. forbidding the passage of ex post facto laws, | 310 | |
| viii. forbidding the passage of laws impairing contracts, | 310 | |
| ix. forbidding the establishment of titles of nobility, | 311 | |
| x. forbidding the imposition of duties on exports or imports, | 312 | |
| f. "the several powers and provisions by which efficacy is given to all the rest," | 312 | |
| i. the power to make all necessary and proper laws for carrying the preceding powers into execution, | 312 | |
| i. the necessity of such authority in the United States, | 312 | |
| ii. other methods considered, | 312 | |
| A. prohibiting the exercise of any power not expressly delegated to the Union, | 313 | |
| B. a positive enumeration of the general powers so delegated, | 313 | |
| C. a negative enumeration of them, by a specification of the reserved powers, | 314 | |
| D. entire silence on the subject, | 314 | |
| iii. the remedy for an abuse of this authority, | 315 | |
| ii. the supremacy of the Constitution and constitutional laws of the United States, and of their treaties with other powers, | 315 | |
| i. the effect of reserving the supremacy of the State constitutions therefrom, considered, | 316 | |
| iii. the various officers, State and Fœderal, to be bound by oath to support it, | 317 | |
| i. why State officers are to be thus obligated, | 317 | |
| C. conclusion, that no part of the powers delegated to the Fœderal government is unnecessary or improper, | 317 | |
| b. will the aggregated powers of the Union be dangerous to the reserved authority of the several States, | XLIV. | 318 |
| A. if the objects of the Union can be attained only through the proposed Constitution, it is not a valid objection |
VOL. I. h
