Xli CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER XV Language 278 Stages in the speech-learning process 281 (1) Reflexive crying 282 (2) Differentiation of crying in discomfort 284 (3) Expressions of comfort ■. . 285 (4) Soothing and harsh sounds distinguished 286 (5) Crowing and pre-linguistic babbling 286 (6) The association of words heard with definite objects, events, and situations 288 (7) The association between statements and requests of others and definite actions in response on the child's part 291 (8) The beginnings of imitative speech 293 (9) The use of sounds and words to express wishes and ideas 294 The development of the sentence 298 Defects of the child's first sentences: — (1) as to the number of words; (2) as to the order of words; (3) as to inflection; (4) use of pronouns ; (5) in the manner of expressing negation. 302 Extension of the application of words 313 Summary of the principal features of R.'s speech activities dur- ing his second and third years 317 Vocabulary of the child R 326 Changes in the pronunciation of words 328 Tests in articulation 330 Appendixes : I. Sight 334 Coordination of eye-movements 334 Sensitiveness to light . 335 Perception of distance 337 Learning to look 339 Movements of the eyelids 344 II. Hearing 344 First sound sensations . . 345 Turning in the direction of sounds 346 III. Learning to stand alone . . . 347 IV. Learning to walk ... 348 V. Table of measurements of R. and J. from birth to the end of the second year 35 1 VI. The play of a one year old baby 35 1 Index . . . . 357
