Opinion of the Court
in the securities industry for life.
Lorenzo appealed, arguing primarily that in sending the e-mails he lacked the intent required to establish a violation of Rule 10b–5, §10(b), and §17(a)(1), which we have characterized as “‘a mental state embracing intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud.’” Aaron v. SEC, 446 U. S. 680, 686, and n. 5 (1980). With one judge dissenting, the Court of Appeals panel rejected Lorenzo’s lack-of-intent argument. 872 F. 3d 578, 583 (CADC 2017). Lorenzo does not challenge the panel’s scienter finding. Reply Brief 17.
Lorenzo also argued that, in light of Janus, he could not be held liable under subsection (b) of Rule 10b–5. 872 F. 3d, at 586–587. The panel agreed. Because his boss “asked Lorenzo to send the emails, supplied the central content, and approved the messages for distribution,” id., at 588, it was the boss that had “ultimate authority” over the content of the statement “and whether and how to communicate it,” Janus, 563 U. S., at 142. (We took this case on the assumption that Lorenzo was not a “maker” under subsection (b) of Rule 10b–5, and do not revisit the court’s decision on this point.)
The Court of Appeals nonetheless sustained (with one judge dissenting) the Commission’s finding that, by knowingly disseminating false information to prospective investors, Lorenzo had violated other parts of Rule 10b–5, subsections (a) and (c), as well as §10(b) and §17(a)(1).
Lorenzo then filed a petition for certiorari in this Court. We granted review to resolve disagreement about whether someone who is not a “maker” of a misstatement under Janus can nevertheless be found to have violated the other subsections of Rule 10b–5 and related provisions of the securities laws, when the only conduct involved concerns a misstatement. Compare e. g., 872 F. 3d 578, with WPP Luxembourg Gamma Three Sarl v. Spot Runner, Inc., 655 F. 3d 1039, 1057–1058 (CA9 2011).
