WANG SU.
Died a.d. 256.
[A very distinguished scholar who wrote and published many volumes of classical commentaries. He is said to have found, in the house of a descendant of the Sage, the text of "The Family Sayings of Confucius," and to have published it in a.d. 240; but the generally received opinion is that he wrote the work himself, based no doubt upon tradition. Specimens are given below.]
JADE.
Adisciple asked Confucius, saying, “Why, sir, does the superior man value jade much more highly than serpentine? Is it because jade is scarce and serpentine is abundant?” “It is not,” replied Confucius; “but it is because the superior men of olden days regarded it as a symbol of the virtues. Its gentle, smooth, glossy appearance suggests charity of heart; its fine close texture and hardness suggest wisdom; it is firm and yet does not wound, suggesting duty to one’s neighbour; it hangs down as though sinking, suggesting ceremony; struck, it gives a clear note, long drawn out, dying gradually away and suggesting music; its flaws do not hide its excellences, nor do its excellences hide its flaws, suggesting loyalty; it gains our confidence, suggesting truth; its spirituality is like the bright rainbow, suggesting the heavens above; its energy is manifested in hill and stream, suggesting the earth below; as articles of regalia it suggests the exemplification of that than which there is nothing in the world of equal value, and thereby is―TAO itself. We read in the Odes―
When I think of my husband,[1]
As gentle as jade,
In his hutment of planking,
My heart is afraid...
TEMPERANCE.
Confucius noticed in the ancestral temple of Duke Huan[2] of the Lu State certain vessels which stood awry, and enquired of the verger what these vessels were; to which the verger replied that
