programs for using the TIGER data base to perform geocoding, plot maps, and generate tabulation control files such as the GRF. See also Geographic Support System, TIGER data base.
TJSA See tribal jurisdiction statistical area.
Topography In its broadest sense, topography includes landforms, water and other drainage features, and features such as gravel pits and mine tailings. A single feature (such as a mountain or valley) is called a topographic feature.
Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System See TIGER data base, TIGER System.'
Topology One component of the science of mathematics dealing with geometric configurations that do not vary when transformed through bending, stretching, or mapping at various scales.
Town A type of functioning MCD found in the New England States, New York, and Wisconsin; a type of incorporated place in 30 States and the Virgin Islands of the United States. In New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota, the Census Bureau treats these towns as the equivalent of an MCD. See also county subdivision, dependent place, incorporated place, independent place.
Township (civil or governmental) A type of functioning MCD in 12 States, a type of nonfunctioning MCD in 3 States (Arkansas, New Hampshire, and North Carolina), and a type of county subdivision that can be functioning and nonfunctioning in Missouri. (There also are nonfunctioning survey townships in Maine, but these are not recognized by the Census Bureau for data tabulation purposes.) In States where land was subdivided under the PLSS, many townships correspond to the survey townships. See also county subdivision, minor civil division, public land survey system, township (congressional or survey), township and range system.
