Page:Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man.djvu/203

fingers and thumb being placed in the two opposite depressions during the operation. Among the bone instruments were arrows without barbs, and other tools made of rein-deer horn, and a bodkin formed out of the more compact horn of the roe-deer. This instrument was well shaped, and sharply pointed, and in so good a state of preservation that it might still be used for piercing the tough skins of animals.

Scattered through the same ashes and earth were the bones of the various species of animals enumerated in the subjoined lists, with the exception of two, marked with an asterisk, which only occurred in the interior of the grotto:—

 

1. Carnivora.

Number of individuals.

1. 1.

   Ursus spelæus (cave-bear) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   5 — 6

1. 2.

   Ursus Arctos? (brown bear) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 3.

   Meles Taxus (badger) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1 — 2

1. 4.

   Putorius vulgaris (polecat) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 5.

   *Felis spelæa (cave-lion) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 6.

   Felis Catus ferus (wild cat) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 7.

   Hyæna spelæa (cave-hyæna) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   5 — 6

1. 8.

   Canis Lupus (wolf) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   3

1. 9.

   Canis Vulpes (fox) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   18 — 20

 

2. Herbivora.

1. 1.

   Elephas primigenius (mammoth, two molars)

1. 2.

   Rhinoceros tichorhinus (Siberian rhinoceros) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 3.

   Equus Caballus (horse) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   12 — 15

1. 4.

   Equus Asinus? (ass) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 5.

   *Sus Scrofa (pig, two incisors)

1. 6.

   Cervus Elephas (stag) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 7.

   Megaceros hybernicus (gigantic Irish deer) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. 8.

   G. Capreolus (roebuck) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   3 — 4

1. 9.

   C. Tarandus (reindeer) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   10 — 12

1. 10.

   Bison europæus (aurochs) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   12 — 15

 

The bones of the herbivora were the most numerous, and all those on the outside of the grotto which had contained marrow were invariably split open, as if for its extraction, many