[o] 2. The imperative Qal frequently has the lengthening by ־ָה, e.g. שְׁבָה sit thou, רְדָה descend thou. From יָהַב to give, Arab. wăhăbă, only the imperative is used in Hebrew; it has the form הַב give, lengthened תָ֫בָה generally with the meaning age, go to, hence in Gn 11 even addressed to several persons (Gn 29 הָבָ֫ה before א to avoid the hiatus); fem. הָבִי Ru 3, Milraʿ on the analogy of the plural הָב֫וּ (once in Jb 6 הָ֫בוּ before the tone-syllable; but cf. Dt 32), whilst, on the analogy of other imperatives Qal of verbs פ״ו, הֲבִי, הֲבוּ would be expected.—On דְּעֶה Pr 24, cf. § 48 l.
[p] 3. The imperfect with ו elided takes ă in the second syllable, besides the cases mentioned above (under f), also in תֵּרַד Jer 13 (cf. La 3) and in the pausal form יֵלַךְ Jb 27, &c. (from הָלַךְ, see x); on יֵקַד Is 10 see above, f. The ă in the second syllable, when followed by the afformative נָה (תֵּרַ֫דְנָה &c.), is in accordance with the law mentioned above (under c), by which ă takes the place of ĭ in a doubly closed syllable. Forms with ē in the second syllable shorten the ē to Seghôl, when the tone is drawn back (before a tone-syllable or after wāw consecutive), e.g. יֵֽשֶׁב־נָא Gn 44; וַיֵּ֫רֶד, וַיּ֫שֶׁב; but ē is retained in an open syllable, even with Milʿel-tone, in יֵ֫צֵא Ex 16, Ju 9, in both cases with nasog ʾaḥor, § 29 e. The pausal is either of the form וַיֵּשֵׁב Ru 4 or וַיֵּרַ֑ד ψ 18; the 1st pers. sing., whether in or out of pause, is וָֽאֵרֵד, וָֽאֵלֵד &c., except וָֽאֵלַ֑ךְ Jb 19, see x.—For יְיֵדָֽע ψ 138 (cf. the note above, on b and the analogous cases in § 70 d) יֵידָֽע is intended.
[q] The imperfect of the form יִירַשׁ is frequently (especially before afformatives) written defectively, in which case the î can always be recognized as a long vowel by the Metheg (see § 16 f), e.g. יִֽעֲפוּ Is 40, יִֽגְעוּ Is 65; and so always יִֽרְאוּ they fear, as distinguished from יִרְאוּ they see (imperf. Qal of רָאָה).—On וַיִּ֫ישֶׂם Gn 50, 24 Keth, and יִיסָךְ Ex 30, see § 73 f.
[r] From יָכֹל to prevail, to be able, the imperfect Qal is יוּכַל, which can only have arisen through a depression of the vowel from יוֹכַל (ground-form yaukhal=yawkhal), to distinguish it, according to Qimḥi, from אוֹכַל, just as, according to § 47 b, אֶקְטֹל is differentiated from יִקְטֹל. Cf. the Arabic yauruʿu (yôruʿu) from waruʿa, yauǵalu (yôǵalu) from waǵila, as also the vulgar Arabic (among towns-people) yûṣal, &c., from waṣala. Others regard יוּכַל as an imperfect Hophʿal (he is enabled=he can), always used instead of the imperfect Qal; cf., however, § 53 u.—וַתּוּכָֽל occurs in Jer 3 as 2nd sing. fem. for וַתּוּכָֽלִי, according to König because the 2nd fem. had been sufficiently indicated previously.—Further יוֹרֶה or יֹרֶה is to be regarded with M. Lambert (REJ. xxxvii, no. 73) as impf. Qal (not Hiphʿil) of יָרָה to throw, shoot (the supposed impf. Qal וַנִּירָם Nu 21 is critically very doubtful). This is shown especially by the passages in which the impf. יוֹרֶהּ is immediately preceded by the imperat. Qal (2 K 13) or infin. Qal (ψ 64), or is followed by the participle Qal (2 Ch 35; but in 2 S 11 by the participle Hiphʿil).
[s] 4. The attenuation of ă to ĭ in the perfect (in a toneless, closed syllable) which is discussed in § 44 d (cf. § 64 f) occurs in verbs פ״ו in a few forms of יָלַד Nu 11, Jer 2, ψ 2, &c. (always after יְ), as well as of יָרַשׁ, e.g. וִֽירִשְׁתֶּם, &c., Dt 4, 8, 17, 19, 26, 31 (always after וִי for וְיְ). In both cases the attenuation might be explained from the tendency to assimilate the vowels, especially if the initial יְ was pronounced, as in Syriac, like i (§ 47 b). In the case of יָרַשׁ, however, a secondary form יַרֵשׁ (cf. § 44 d) is probably to be assumed, since in Arabic also the verb is wărĭṯă. The forms
