This page was corrected according to Additions and Corrections that appear in the 1910 edition.
offering) is a nomen verbale of Hiphʿîl, answering to the Aramaic infinitive of the causal stem (’Aph‛ēl), hence with suff. אַזְכָּֽרָתָהּ Lv 2, &c.
[c] 46. Nouns with ה prefixed. Besides the ordinary infinitives of Hiphʿîl הַקְטֵל and הַקְטִיל, of Niphʿal הִקָּטֵל, הִקָּטֹל (for hinq.), and of the conjugations formed with the prefix הִתְ, this class also includes some rare nomina verbalia derived from Hiphʿîl (cf. § 72 z), viz. הַכָּרָה appearance (from נָכַר), Is 3; הֲנָפָה a swinging (from נוּף), [Is 30; הֲנָחָה a rest-giving, Est 2]; הַצָּלָה deliverance (from נָצַל), [Est 4 an Aram. form: cf. הֲזָדָה Dn 5]; perhaps also הֵיכָל palace, from haikăl, unless it is borrowed from the Assyrian; see the Lexicon. Cf. also הַנְזָקָה Ezr 4.
[d] 47. Nouns with י prefixed, as יִצְהָר oil, יַלְקוּט wallet, יַנְשׁוּף owl(?); from verbs ע״וּ, e.g. יְקוּם a living thing, יתוּר a range; from a verb ע״י, יָרִיב an adversary. Of a different character are the many proper names which have simply adopted the imperfect form, as יַֽעֲקֹב, יִצְחָק, &c.
[e] 48. Nouns with מ prefixed. This preformative Mêm, which is no doubt connected with מִי who, and מָה what (see § 37 and § 52 c), appears in a very large number of nouns, and serves to express the most varied modifications of the idea of the stem: (1) מ subjective, when preformative of the participles Piʿēl, Hiphʿîl, Hithpaʿēl, and other active conjugations. (2) מ objective, when preformative of the participles Puʿal, Hophʿal, and other passive conjugations, as well as of numerous nouns. (3) מ instrumental, as in מַפְתֵּחַ a key, &c. (4) מ local, as in מִדְבָּר a drive for cattle, &c.
[f] As regards the formation of these nouns, it is to be remarked that the preformative מ was originally in most cases followed by a short ă. This ă, however, in a closed syllable is frequently attenuated to ĭ; in an open syllable before the tone it is lengthened to ā (so also the ĭ, attenuated from ă, is lengthened to ē), and in מָגֵן shield (with suff. מָֽגִנִּי) it even becomes unchangeable â. But in an open syllable which does not stand before the tone, the a necessarily becomes Šewâ.
[g] The following forms are especially to be noticed: (a) ground-form măqṭăl, in Hebrew מַקְטָל,[1] e.g. מַֽאֲכָל food; fem. מַמְלָכָה kingdom, מַֽאֲכֶ֫לֶת a knife, מְלָאכָה (for מַלְאָכָה by § 23 c) business; from a verb פ״ן, מַתָּן a gift; from verbs פ״ו, מוֹצָא a going forth, מוֹשָׁב a seat; from verbs פ״ו, מֵיטָב the best (from maiṭăb); with י (or ו) assimilated, מַצָּע a bed; from verbs ע״ע, מָסָךְ a screen, and with the shortening of the ă under the preformative, מֶ֫מֶר bitterness (from מְמַר developed to a segholate), fem. מְשַׁמָּה desolation; from a verb ע״וּ, probably of this class is מָקוֹם place, the ă lengthened to ā and obscured to ô (Arabic măqâm); from verbs ל״ה, מַרְאֶה appearance, מַ֫עַן (for מַֽעֲנֶה) prop. intention, only in לְמַ֫עַן on account of, in order that.
[h] (b) Ground-form miqṭăl (the usual form of the infin. Qal in Aramaic), Hebr. מִקְטָל, e.g. מִדְבָּר (in Jer 2 also, where Baer requires הֲמִדְבַּר, read with ed. Mant., Ginsburg, &c. הֲמִדְבָּר) a cattle-drive, fem. מִלְחָמָהּ war, מֶרְכָּבָה a chariot (with Seghôl instead of ĭ, but in constr. st. מִרְכֶּ֫בֶת Gn 41; cf. מֶרְחָק distance), מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת a watch; from verbs ע״ע, e.g. מֵסַב surroundings (from mĭ-săb; ĭ in the open syllable being lengthened to ē; but cf. also מַשַּׁק Is 33 as constr. state from שׁקק with sharpening of the first radical; cf. § 67 g); from verbs ל״ה, מִקְנֶה a possession, fem. מִקְנָה.
