[r] With a long vowel in the second syllable: (d) tĭqṭâl, as תְּהוֹם the ocean, the deep (for tĭhâm; in Assyrian the fem. tiâmtu, constr. st. tiâmat, is the usual word for sea), unless it is to be derived with Delitzsch, Prolegomena, p. 113, from the stem תהם; (e) tâqṭîl (in Arabic the usual form of the infinitive of conjugation II. which corresponds to the Hebrew Piʿēl), e.g. from a verb ל״ה, fem. תַּכְלִית completeness; תַּרְבִּית increase, usury, with a parallel form מַרְבִּית; in a passive sense, תַּלְמִיד a disciple; (f) תַּקְטוּל, e.g. תַּפּוּחַ an apple (for tănpûaḥ); very frequently used to form abstracts, e.g. תַּגְמוּל a benefit (also גְּמוּל); from verbs ע״וּ, תְּבוּסָה a treading down, תְּנוּפָה a waving (like תְּרוּמָה a lifting up, from the Hiphʿîl stem), תְּשׁוּקָה a longing, &c.; very frequently also as an abstract plural, e.g. תַּהְפֻּכוֹת perverseness, תַּחְבֻּלוֹת guidance, תַּמְרוּרִים bitterness, תַּנְחוּמִים and תַּנְחוּמוֹת consolation; from a verb ע״וּ, תְּאֻנִים toil.
XI. Nouns with Afformatives.
[s] 52. Nouns with ל affixed. Perhaps חַשְׁמַל amber(?), and probably בַּרְזֶל iron, כַּרְמֶל garden-land (Seghôl in both cases is probably a modification of the original ă in the tone-syllable), גִּבְעֹל bloom, cf. § 30 q.—According to Prätorius, ZDMG. 1903, p. 530 ff., al is an affix of endearment in the proper names מִיכַל, חֲמוּטַל (little lizard?) אֲבִיגַל (also אֲבִיגַ֫יִל).
[t] 53. Nouns with ם affixed. With an original ăm as afformative, אוּלָם vestibule (although the ā in the sing. remains unchangeable), plur. אֻֽלַמִּים; but in כִּנָּם a swarm of gnats, the ם is radical. With original afformative ŭm, עֵירֹם (also עֵרֹם) naked (from עור), plur. עֵיֽרֻמִּים Gn 3, parallel form עָרוֹם, plur. עֲרוּמִּים Gn 2.—To this class also belong the adverbs in ām and ōm, mentioned in § 100 g, and many proper names, as גֵּֽרְשֹׁם, also גֵּֽרְשׁוֹם, and גֵּֽרְשׁוֹן (patronymic גֵּֽרְשֻׁנִּי), מִלְכֹּם, עַמְרָם, &c.; but for פִּדְיוֹם ransom (?), Nu 3, probably פְּדוּיִם is to be read.
[u] 54. Nouns with ן affixed. The ן is added by means of a simple helping vowel in כְּנַ֫עֵן Canaan, and צִפֹּ֫רֶן a finger nail; more frequently the addition is made by means of a tone-bearing ă, which in Hebrew is modified to Seghôl (as גַּרְזֶן axe) or lengthened to ā (but cf. also אֲחֹֽרַנִּית and קְדֹֽרַנִּית); e.g. קִנְיָן a possession, שֻׁלְחָן a table, קָרְבָּן an offering. From an original â being changed into an obscure ô we may probably explain such forms as דְּאָבוֹן a pining away; דָּֽרְבוֹן (also דָּֽרְבָן) a goad; רְעָבוֹן hunger; from verbs ל״ה, גָּאוֹן pride, הָמוֹן noise, תָזוֹן a vision; שִׁרְיוֹן a coat of mail; from a verb פ״ן, מַשָּׁאוֹן guile (the only instance with both מ preformative and ôn afformative)[1]; very frequently from the simple stem with an unorganic sharpening of the second radical, e.g. זִכָּרוֹן memorial, כִּלָּיוֹן destruction (constr. st. זִכְרוֹן and כִּלְיוֹן), &c.; cf. also הֵֽרָיוֹן pregnancy (for הִרָּ׳) and § 93 uu; קִֽיקָלוֹן shame, for קִלְקָלוֹן. Proper names occur with the termination ûn, as יְשֻׁרוּן, § 86 g, and others.
- ↑ The plurals נִצָנִים flowers, Ct 2, and קִמְּשׂנִים thorns appear to be formed directly from the singulars נֵץ (cf. נִצָה) and קִמּוֹשׂ with the insertion of ân (which in קמ׳ is obscured to ôn). See Nöldeke, Mand. Gr., p. 169, Rem. 3; similarly, according to Hoffmann, ‘Einige phöniz. Inschriften,’ p. 15 ({{{title}}}, xxxvi), עִזְּבוֹנִים wares, Ez 27 from עֶ֫זֶב=עֶ֫צֶן.
