preferable], in both places as perfect frequentative; Is 31 referring to the future, unless with Stade, ZAW. vi. 189, we read וְהַצֵּיל and וְהַמְלֵיט), or an imperfect consecutive (1 S 19, 2 S 16) or participle (2 S 16); cf. also u.
[u] 2. The idea of long continuance is very frequently expressed by the verb הָלַךְ to go, along with its infinitive absolute, or even by the latter alone, and this occurs not only when it can be taken in its literal sense (to go, to walk, as in the examples given above, Jos 6, 13, 1 S 6, 2 S 3, 13; cf. also, Is 3, where both infinitives stand before the verb, and ψ 126, where הָלוֹךְ precedes), but in cases where הָלַךְ in the sense of to go on, to continue, merely performs also the function of an adverb. The action itself is added in a second infinitive absolute, or sometimes (see above, t) in a participle or verbal adjective. Examples, Gn 8 וַיָּשֻׁ֫בוּ הַמַּ֫יִם... הָלוֹךְ וָשׁוֹב and the waters returned... continually; Gn 8, 12, Ju 14, 2 K 2; with a participle following, Jer 4 (unless we read וּבָכֹה, as in 2 S 3); with an adjective following, Gen 26, Ju 4, 1 S 14, 2 S 5 (1 Ch 11), 2 S 18.[1]
On the other hand, in 1 S 17 the participle הֹלֵךְ is used instead of the infinitive absolute. Of a different kind are the instances in which the participle הֹלֵךְ is used as predicate along with the co-ordinate adjective (Ex 19, 1 S 2, 2 S 3, 15, Est 9, 2 Ch 17) or participle (1 S 17, Jon 1, Pr 4, Ec 1).
[v] 3. The regular place of the negative is between the intensifying infinitive absolute and the finite verb,[2] e.g. Ex 5 וְהַצֵּל לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתָּ neither hast thou delivered at all, Ju 15, Jer 13, 30; cf. Mi 1 (אַל). Exceptions are Gn 3 (where the negation of the threat pronounced in 2:17 is expressed in the same form of words); Am 9, ψ 49.
[w] 4. With a finite verb of one of the derived conjugations, not only the infinitive absolute of the same conjugation may be connected (Gn 28 Piʿēl; 17:13, Ex 22, Ez 14 Niphʿal; Gn 40 Puʿal; Ho 4 Hiphʿîl; Ez 16 Hophʿal), but also (especially with Niphʿal, rarely with Piʿēl and Hiphʿîl; see Driver on 2 S 20) that of Qal as the simplest and most general representative of the verbal idea, 2 S 20 (with Piʿēl; but in Gn 37, 44 טֹרַף is a passive of Qal, § 52 e); 46:4 (with Hiphʿîl); Ex 19, 21, 2 S 23, Is 40, Jer 10, Jb 6 (with Niphʿal); Is 24 (with Hithpoʿēl; רֹ֫עָה in the same verse must also, according to the Masora, certainly be the infinitive absolute Qal; see § 67 o), and so always מוֹת יוּמַת he shall surety be put to death. Elsewhere the infinitive absolute of a conjugation with kindred meaning is found, Lv 19, 2 K 3 Hophʿal for Niphʿal (but most probably we should read, with Driver, the infin. Niph. in both places, הִפָּדֵה and הֵֽחָרֵב); 1 S 2 (Piʿēl for Hiphʿîl, unless יְקַטְּרוּן is to be read); Ez 16 (Hophʿal for Puʿal).[3] Finally, the infinitive absolute may
- ↑ Cf. in French, Le mal va toujours croissant, la maladie va toujours en augmentant et en empirant, ‘continually increases and becomes worse and worse.’
- ↑ Cf. Rieder, Quo loco ponantur negationes לֹא et אַל... (Zeitschrift für Gymn.Wesen, 1879, p. 395 ff.).
- ↑ In three passages even the infinitive absolute of another stem of like sound occurs; but in Is 28 אָדוֹשׁ is no doubt a mere textual error for דּוֹשׁ, and in Jer 8, according to § 72 aa, we should read אֹֽסְפֵם, and in Zp 1 אֹסֵף. Barth, Nom.-bildung, § 49 b, sees in אַדוֹשׁ and אַסוֹף infinitives Hiphʿîl, exactly corresponding in form to ʾaqâm[ā] the Aram. infin. ʾAphʿēl of קוּם; but there is no more evidence for a Hiph. of דּוּשׁ in Hebrew than for a stem אָדַשׁ.
