(d) A pronoun, e.g. Gn 10 (הִיא), Ex 9 (אֲנִי), Gn 24 (מִי), 1 K 9 (מָה).[1]
(e) An adverb or (esp. if formed with a preposition) any specification of time, place, quality, possessor, &c., which may be regarded as the equivalent of a noun-idea, e.g. שָׁם הַבְּדֹ֫לַח there is the bdellium, Gn 2; אֵי הֶ֫בֶל where is Abel? 4:9; לְעוֹלָם חַםְדּוֹ his mercy endureth for ever, ψ 136 f.; ע֫שֶׁר בְּבֵיתוֹ riches are in his house, ψ 112; לוֹ אֲנָחְ֑נוּ we are his, ψ 100 Qerê.
[c] Rem. 1. The employment of a substantive as predicate of a noun-clause is especially frequent, either when no corresponding adjective exists (so mostly with words expressing the material; cf. § 128 o) or when the attribute is intended to receive a certain emphasis. For in all cases there is a much greater stress upon a substantival predicate,[2] since it represents something as identical with the subject (see above, b [a]), than upon an adjectival or verbal predicate; cf. Ct 1; ψ 25 all the paths of the Lord are חֶ֫סֶד וֶֽאֱמֶת lovingkindness and truth (i.e. wholly lovingkindness, &c.; cf. Jer 10); Ez 38, ψ 10, 19, 23, 88, Pr 3,[3] Jb 22, 23, 26, Ru 3. Sometimes the emphasis on the predicate is obtained by the use of the plural form (according to § 124 e), e.g. ψ 110 thy people are נְדָבֹת altogether willingness; Ct 5, Dn 9.
[d] Sometimes the boldness of such combinations is modified by the repetition of the subject, as regens of the predicate, e.g. Jb 6 אִם־כֹּחַ אֲבָנִים כֹּחִי is my strength the strength of stones? Pr 3. That the language, however—especially in poetry—is not averse even to the boldest combinations in order to emphasize very strongly the unconditional relation between the subject and predicate, is shown by such examples as ψ 45 myrrh and aloes and cassia are all thy garments (i.e. so perfumed with them that they seem to be composed of them); Ct 1 thine eyes are doves, i.e. dove’s eyes (but 5:12 כְּיוֹנִים);[4] ψ 23, 109, Jb 8, 12, Ct 2. In prose, e.g. Ex 9, Ezr 10 הָעֵת גְּשָׁמִים the season is rain showers, i.e. the rainy season; with a bold enallage of the number, Gn 34 וַֽאֲנִי מְתֵי מִסְפָּר and I (with my family) am persons few in number. For similarly bold expressions with הָיָה cf. Gn 11, 12, Ex 17, Is 5, Jer 2, and again with a bold enallage of the number, Jb 29 I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame, but in prose, Nu 10 and thou shalt be to us לְעֵנַ֫יִם.
- ↑ Why in these examples the pronouns, notwithstanding appearances to the contrary, are to be considered as predicates and not as subjects, may be seen from what has been remarked above, § 126 k.
- ↑ The same naturally applies to most of those cases which are not pure noun-clauses, but have the substantival predicate connected with the subject by הָיָה (e.g. Gn 1 and the earth was a waste and emptiness; cf. ψ 35, Pr 8, Jb 3) or where a preposition precedes the substantival predicate, as ψ 29 the voice of the Lord is with power, i.e. powerful.
- ↑ שָׁלוֹם here, as in Jb 21, is evidently a substantive after a plural subject; on the other hand, it is doubtful whether שָׁלוֹם in such passages as Gn 43, 2 S 20, ψ 120, &c., is not rather to be regarded as an adjective.
- ↑ As a rule, in such comparisons כְּ (which is then to be regarded as nominative) stands before the predicate, e.g. Is 63 wherefore are thy garments כְּדֹרֵךְ בְּגַת like those of one that treadeth in the wine-press? (prop. the like of one that treadeth, instar calcantis); Jer 50. The comparison is then much less emphatic than in the noun-clauses cited above.
