[x] (k) לְבִלְתִּי that... not, with the imperfect, Ex 20, 2 S 14 (in Jer 23 read the infinitive שׁוּב for שָׁ֫בוּ, in 27:8 יָבֹ֫אוּ for בֹּ֫אוּ). In Ez 13 בִּלְתִּי ירָאוּ is a relative clause governed by לְ= according to things which they have not seen.
[y] 2. Two negatives in the same sentence do not neutralize each other (as in nonnulli, non nemo), but make the negation the more emphatic (like οὐκ οὐδείς, οὐκ οὐδαμῶς, nulli—non, nemo non); e.g. Zp 2 (if the text is correct) בְּטֶ֫רֶם לֹֽא־יָבוֹא before there shall (not) come.[1] This especially applies to the compounds formed by the union of אֵין or בְּלִי with מִן־ without (§ 119 y), e.g. Is 5 (6:11) מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב (for which in Jer 2 מִבְּלִי ישֵׁב), prop. without no inhabitant, i.e. so that no inhabitant is left there. On the other hand, in Is 50 מֵאֵין מַ֫יִם the מִן־ is causative, because there is no water; as also in Ex 14 הֲמִבְּלִי אֵין־ is it because there were no...? 2 K 1, 6, 16. In Ec 3 מִבְּלִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא except that (yet so that man cannot, &c.).
[z] 3. The negative sometimes extends its influence from the first to a second negative sentence parallel with it (which may or may not have Wāw) ; e.g. 1 S 2 talk not so much arrogancy; let (not) boasting come out of your mouth; Ex 28, Lv 19, 22, 15 f., Nu 16, 23, Dt 7, Is 23, 28, 38, 47, Ez 16, ψ 9, 13, 35, 38, 44, 75, Jb 28 (so לָ֫מָּה לֹא why... not? in Jb 3 also affects the parallel clause).
The particles אַךְ, רַק only, serve to introduce restrictive clauses, and גַּם, אַף also, besides, even, intensive clauses. It is to be observed that the force of these particles does not necessarily affect the word which immediately follows (as is the case with אַךְ Gn 7, 34; רַק Gn 6, Am 3; even הֲרַק אַךְ hath he indeed only? Nu 12; גַּם Gn 27, Jb 7; אַף Dt 15), but very frequently extends to the whole of the following sentence. Thus with אַךְ, e.g. Nu 14, 1 K 17, Pr 17, Jb 13, 14, 16, 23; רַק Gn 20, 24, ψ 32, Pr 13; גַּם Gn 27, 32 (גַּם הִנֵּה), 44:10; 1 S 22, 28, Zc 9, Pr 17, 20; אַף Jb 14, 15.—In Mal 1 and Jb 2 גַּם is placed before two co-ordinate sentences, although, strictly speaking, it applies only to the second. Cf. the analogous examples in § 150 m.
