Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/528

ing, where we should expect a final clause (e.g. Neh 13 then I commanded, and they cleansed, equivalent to that they should cleanse, and they cleansed; in Jb 9 a negative final clause is connected in this way by וְלאֹ), cf. § 120 f.

For examples of the direct subordination of the final imperfect (without וְ) see § 120 c.

 [b]  2. Final conjunctions are לְמַ֫עַן אֲשֶׁר to the end that; also simply לְמַ֫עַן Gn 12, 27, Ex 4, ψ 51, &c.; בַּֽעֲבוּר אֲשֶׁר prop. for the purpose that, Gn 27, and simply בַּֽעֲבוּר Gn 27, Ex 9, 20; also the simple אֲשֶׁר^[1] Dt 4, 40, 6:3, 32:46, Jos 3, Neh 8 f.; negatively, אֲשֶׁר לֹא Gn 11, 24, 1 K 22; or שֶׁ ּ Ec 3; also negatively, עַל־דִּבְרַת שֶׁלֹּא for the matter (purpose) that ... not, Ec 7; לְבִלְתִּי with imperfect, Ex 20, 2 S 14 that ... not.—Quite exceptional is the use of מִן־ (if the text be right) in Dt 33 מִן־יְקוּמוּן, with the imperfect, equivalent to that ... not [in prose, מִקּוּם].

 [c]  Rem. All the conjunctions here mentioned are naturally always used with the imperfect, see § 107 q (on the apparent exception in Jos 4, see § 74 g).—On the negative conjunctions אַל and פֶּן that not, lest, see § 152 f and w. On the infinitive with לְ^[2] (also לְמַ֫עַן Gn 18, 37, &c.) as the equivalent of a final clause (Gn 11, 28, &c.), see § 114 f, h, p. On the continuation of such infinitival constructions by means of the finite verb, see § 114 r. On the negation of the final infinitive by לְבִלְתִּי, § 114 s. On the preposition מִן with a substantive or infinitive as the equivalent of a negative final clause (Gn 31, 1 S 15, &c.), see § 119 x and y.

§166. Consecutive Clauses.

 [a]  1. Consecutive clauses are added by means of simple wāw copulative with the jussive,^[3] especially after negative and interrogative sentences, e.g. Nu 23 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיֽכַזֵּב וּבֶן־אָדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם God is not a man, that he should lie, and (i.e. neither) the son of man, that he should repent; Is 53 וְנֶחְמְדֵ֫הוּ; Ho 14 מִי חָכָם וְיָבֵן אֵ֫לֶּה נָבוֹן וְיֵֽדָעֵם who is wise, that he may understand these things? prudent, that he may know them? Jb 5 וְלֹא=so that ... not; in Pr 30 וְ is separated from the predicate by the object. In Gn 16 a negative consecutive clause comes after a cohortative, and in Ex 10 after a perfect consecutive.—On the other hand, in Jb 9, 33 the jussive in the sense of a consecutive clause is attached without Wāw to the preceding negative sentence (in

1. In Ez 36 a final clause is introduced by אֵת אֲשֶׁר, thus at the same time taking the form of an object-clause.
2. On לְ as a supposed conjunction (equivalent to the Arabic li) 1 K 6, see § 66 i.
3. That such examples as וִיֽכַזֵּב are to be regarded as jussive is probable from the analogy of Ho 14 and Jb 9.