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p, 71 f.), the Ḥaṭeph is necessary[1] when, in a strengthened medial consonant with Šewâ (consequently not in cases like וַיְהִי, &c.), preceded by a Pathaḥ, the sign of the strengthening (Dageš forte) has fallen away, e.g. הַֽלֲלוּ (but ed. Mant. and Ginsb. הַלְלוּ praise ye! וַתְּאַֽלֲצֵהוּ Ju 16; no less universally, where after a consonant with Šewâ the same consonant follows (to separate them more sharply, and hence with a Metheg always preceding), e.g. סוֹרֲרִים ψ 68; קִֽלֲלָֽתְךָ (ed. Mant. and Ginsb. קִלְל׳ Gn 27 (but not without exceptions, e.g. חִקְקֵי־ Ju 5, Is 10; צִלְלֵי Jer 6, and so always הִנְנִי behold me, הִנְנוּ behold us; on כְ before the suffix ךָ, see § 20 b); also in certain forms under Kaph and Rêš after a long vowel and before the tone, e.g. תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֫נָּה Gn 3; בָּֽרֲכִי ψ 103; וַתְּשָֽׁרֲתֵ֫הוּ 1 K 1 (but וְיִתְבָּ֫רְכוּ ψ 72, cf. Jer 4, 1 Ch 29, because the tone is thrown back on to the ā. After ē Šewâ remains even before the tone, as בֵּֽרְכוּ &c.; but before Maqqef אֵֽלֲכָה־נָּא Baer Ex 4, 2 S 15 Jer 40, but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. אֵֽלְ׳)[2]; (b) under initial sibilants after וּ copulative, e.g. וּֽזֲהַב Gn 2; cf. Jer 48; וּֽסֲחַר Is 45; וּֽשֲׂדֵה Lv 25; וּֽשֲׁקָה Gn 27; וּֽשֲׁמָע Nu 23, Is 37, Dn 9, cf. Ju 5, 1 K 14, 2 K 9, Jb 14, Ec 9—to emphasize the vocal character of the Šewâ. For the same reason under the emphatic ט in הֽוּטֲלוּ Jer 22; cf. Jb 33; after Qôph in וּֽקֲדָרְתִּי (so Baer, but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. וּקְ׳) Ez 23; וּֽקֲרָב־ ψ 55; cf. Jer. 32; under Rêš in אֵֽרֲדָה (ed. Mant. אֵֽרְ׳). Gn 18; וּֽרֲעֵם ψ 28; even under ת Eze 26[3]; under ב Est 2; וּבֵֽרֲכֶךָּ so Jabl., Ginsb., but ed. Mant. וּבֵֽרְ׳ Dt 24; (c) under sonants, sibilants or Qôph after ĭ, e.g. יִֽצֲחַק Gn 21, cf. 30 and Ez 21 (under ק); אִֽמֲרוֹת ψ 12; הֲתִֽמֲלֹךְ Jer 22; כִֽנֲרוֹת Jos 11; בִּֽסֲבָךְ־ ψ 74, —for the same reason as the cases under b[4]; according to Baer also in שִֽׁפֲמוֹת 1 S 30; יִֽפְגָֽשֲׁךָ Gn 32 after ŏ (cf. § 9 v), as well as after a in הַֽקֲשִׁיבָה Dn 9; הַֽבֲרָכָה Gn 27; הַֽמֲצֹרָעִים 2 K 7.

 [h]  B. The Ḥaṭeph-Qameṣ is less restricted to the gutturals than the first two, and stands more frequently for a simple Šewâ mobile when an original O-sound requires to be partly preserved, e.g. at the beginning, in רֳאִי (ground-form rŏʾy) vision (cf. § 93 z); כֳּנַנְיָהוּ 2 Ch 31, &c., Qerê (Keeth. כונ״); עַמֳּנִיּוֹת Ammonitish women, 1 K 11 (sing. עַמּוֹנִית); יִרְדֳּפֶ֑ךָ for the usual יִרְדְּפֶ֑ךָ Ez 35, from יִרְדֹּף; תִקֳּבֶ֫נּוּ Nu 23, Jer 31, and elsewhere before suffixes, cf. § 60 a; קָדְקֳדוֹ his pate (from קָדְקֹד) ψ 7, &c.; אֶשְׁקֳטָה Is 18 Qerê. Further, like ־ֲ, it stands under consonants, which ought to have Dageš forte, as in לֻֽקֳחָה (for לֻקְּחָה) Gn 2. In this example, as in וּֽסֳעָ֫דְה 1 K 13; וּֽסֳאָה 2 K 7; and וּֽצֳעָ֫קִי Jer 22, the Ḥaṭeph-Qameṣ is no doubt due to the influence of the

  1. ↑ See Delitzsch, ‘Bemerkungen über masoretisch treue Darstellung des alttestam. Textes,’ in the Ztschr. f. luth. Theol. u. Kirche, vol. xxiv. 1863, p. 409 ff.
  2. ↑ On the uncertainty of the MSS. in some cases which come under a, see Minḥat shay (the Masoretic comm. in ed. Mant.) on Gn 12 and Ju 7.
  3. ↑ Critical annotation: וּֽתֲבֻֿקְשִׁׄי in Eze 26 in Aleppo codex.—A. E. A.
  4. ↑ Ben-Asher requires ־ֲ for ־ְ (even for Šewâ quiescens) generally before a guttural or ר; hence Baer reads in 2 S 15 בִּֽקַרָב־, ψ 18 אֶֽקֲרָא; ψ 49 לִֽשֲׁאוֹל; ψ 65 תִּֽבֲחַר; ψ 68 תִּֽמֲחַץ; Pr 30 תִּֽלֲעַג; Jb 29 אֶֽבֲחַר; cf. Delitzsch, Psalms, 12:7, note.
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